DITHERING TECHNIQUE

C041 YUG KATHIRIYA

C064 RAVI PATEL
C072 ABHI SHAH
C074 RITIK SHAH
C075 DHRUVIL SHAH
C088 DHRUV THAKKAR
 Introduction
• Dithering technique is used for approximating halftones
without reducing resolution. Dither methods generate
intensity variations with a one – to – one mapping of point
in a scene to display pixels.

• To obtain n2 intensity levels, we set up an n by n dither

matrix Dn, whose elements are distinct positive integers in
the range 0 to (n2 -1).
 Application
• Dither is utilized in many different fields where digital
processing and analysis are used. These uses include
systems using digital signal processing, such as digital
audio, digital video, digital photography, seismology, radar
and weather forecasting systems. Quantization yields
error.
• For example, We can generate four intensity levels with D2 and
nine intensity levels with D3.

• The matrix elements for D2 and D3 are in the same order as the
pixel mask for setting up 2 by 2 and 3 by 3 pixel grids
respectively.
• For bilevel system, intensity values are determined by comparing
input intensities to the matrix elements.
• Each input intensity is first scaled to the range
0<=I<= n2
• Suppose (x, y) is the co-ordinate position of a point in a scene with
scaled intensity x, then
Let,
i = (x mod n) + 1
j = (y mod n) + 1

If I>D(i, j) then,
Turn ON the pixel at position (x, y)
Otherwise,
the pixel is not turned ON
• Higher order dither matrix can be obtained from lower order matrix
with the recurrence relation.

• Parameter Un/2 is the unity matrix (all elements are 1). Substituting Un/2
= {1}
 Advantages
• Dithering can reduce the effects of pixel-to-pixel errors.
• It allows the removal of small scale detector defects such
as hot pixels, bad columns, and charge traps from the
image.
• It allows the recovery of some of the information lost to
under sampling by pixels that are not small compared to
the point spread function.
 Disdvantage
• The biggest disadvantage of this technique is that the
output image is larger (by a factor of the fixed pattern
size) than the input pattern.
Thank
You