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Introduction to JAVA

 KIIT 2014
 Objectives
After completing this lesson, you should be able
to do the following:
• Define JAVA language
• Features of JAVA
• History of JAVA
• Hardware & Software Requirement
• JAVA Environment Setup
• Write Simple JAVA Program
• Define Identifiers
• Types of Variables
• Java Comments

 KIIT 2014
 Introduction to JAVA
• JAVA was developed by Sun
Microsystems Inc in 1991, later
acquired by Oracle Corporation.
• It was conceived by James Gosling and
Patrick Naughton. It is a simple
programming language.  Writing,
compiling and debugging a program is
easy in java.  It helps to create modular
programs and reusable code.

 KIIT 2014
 Features of JAVA
• JAVA is popular, as it has following
features:
– Platform independent.
– Object Oriented Programming
– Simple
– Robust
– Secure
– Java is distributed
– Multithreading
– Dynamic

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 History of JAVA
• James Gosling initiated the Java
language project in June 1991 for use in
one of his many set-top box projects.
• Sun released the first public
implementation as Java 1.0 in 1995. It
promised Write Once, Run, Anywhere
(WORA), providing no-cost run-times on
popular platforms.

 KIIT 2014
 History of JAVA
• On 13 November 2006, Sun released
much of Java as free and open source
software under the terms of the General
Public License (GPL).
• On 8 May 2007, Sun finished the process,
making all of Java's core code free and
open-source, aside from a small portion of
code to which Sun did not hold the
copyright.

 KIIT 2014
 HW / SW requirement
• Hardware:
– Pentium 200-MHz computer with a minimum of
64 MB of RAM (128 MB of RAM recommended).
• Software:
– Linux 7.1 or Windows 95/98/2000/XP operating
system.
– Java JDK 5
– Microsoft Notepad or any other text editor

 KIIT 2014
 JAVA Environment Setup
• It is important that we set up the Java
environment correctly
• Setting up the path
– c:\Program Files\java\jdk directory
– C:\WINDOWS\SYSTEM32;c:\Program
Files\java\jdk\bin
• Popular Java Editors

 KIIT 2014
 JAVA Basics
• When we consider a Java program, it can
be defined as a collection of objects that
communicate via invoking each other's
methods
– Object
– Class
– Methods
– Instance Variables

 KIIT 2014
 First JAVA Program
• Simple code example that would print the
words Hello World.
public class MyFirstJavaProgram{
/* This is my first java program.
* This will print 'Hello World' as the output
*/
public static void main(String[]args){
System.out.println("Hello World");// prints
Hello World
}
}

 KIIT 2014
 Software Development
Process
• For Java program, all source code is first
written in plain text files ending with
the .java extension.
• Those source files are then compiled
into .class files by the javac compiler.
A .class file does not contain code that is
native to your processor; it instead
contains bytecodes — the machine language
of the Java Virtual Machine (Java VM).
The java launcher tool then runs your
application with an instance of the Java
Virtual Machine.

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 JAVA Basic Syntax
• For Java program, remember following
point.
– Case Sensitivity
– Class Names
– Method Names
– Program File Name
– public static void main(String args[])

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 • Identifiers are used for:
JAVA Identifiers
– Naming a variable, methods, class
– Providing a convention for variable
names:
• Must start with a letter
• Can include letters or numbers
• Can include special characters such as
dollar sign, underscore, and pound
sign
• Are case sensitive
• Must not be reserved words

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 JAVA Modifiers
• Like other languages, it is possible to
modify classes, methods, etc., by using
modifiers. There are two categories of
modifiers:
– Access Modifiers
– Non-access Modifiers

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 JAVA Variables
• JAVA has following type of variables
– Local Variables
– Class Variables (Static Variables)
– Instance Variables (Non-static variables)

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 Java Keywords

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 Comments in JAVA
• Java supports single-line and multi-line
comments very similar to c and c++. All
characters available inside any comment are
ignored by Java
public class compiler.
MyFirstJavaProgram{
/* This is my first java program.
* This will print 'Hello World' as the output
* This is an example of multi-line comments.
*/
public static void main(String[]args){
// This is an example of single line comment
/* This is also an example of single line
comment. */
System.out.println("Hello World");
}}

 KIIT 2014
 Practice 1
Question 1: When you compile a program written in the Java
programming language, the compiler converts the human-
readable source file into platform-independent code that a Java
Virtual Machine can understand. What is this platform-
independent code called?
Question 2: Which of the following is not a valid comment:
a. /** comment */
b. /* comment */
c. /* comment
d. // comment
Question 3: What is the first thing you should check if you see
the following error at runtime:
Exception in thread "main"
java.lang.NoClassDefFoundError: HelloWorldApp.java.

 KIIT 2014
 Practice 1
Question 4: What is the correct signature of the main method?
Question 5: When declaring the main method, which modifier
must come first, public or static?
Question 6: What parameters does the main method define?
Question 7: Change the HelloWorldApp.java program so that it
displays Hola Mundo! instead of Hello World!.
Question 8: You can find a slightly modified version
of HelloWorldApp here: HelloWorldApp2.java
The program has an error. Fix the error so that the program
successfully compiles and runs. What was the error?

 KIIT 2014
 Solution 1
Answer 1: Bytecode.
Answer 2: c is an invalid comment.
Answer 3: Check your classpath. Your class cannot be found.
Answer 4: The correct signature is 
public static void main(String[] args) Or
public static void main(String... args)
Answer 5: They can be in either order, but the convention
is public static.
Answer 6: The main method defines a single parameter,
usually named args, whose type is an array of String objects.
Answer 7: This is the only line of code that must change:
System.out.println("Hola Mundo!"); //Display
the string.

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 Solution 1
Answer 8: Here's the error you get when you try to compile the program:
HelloWorldApp2.java:7: unclosed string literal
System.out.println("Hello World!); //Display the string.
^
HelloWorldApp2.java:7: ')' expected
System.out.println("Hello World!); //Display the string.
^
2 errors
To fix this mistake, you need to close the quotation marks around the string.
Here is the correct line of code:
System.out.println("Hello World!"); //Display the string.

 KIIT 2014
 Summary
In this lesson, you should have learned how to:
• Define JAVA language
• Features of JAVA
• History of JAVA
• Hardware & Software Requirement
• JAVA Environment Setup
• Write Simple JAVA Program
• Define Identifiers
• Types of Variables
• Java Comments

 KIIT 2014