Discuss the current issues in non-

communicable diseases affecting the

world today
 Definition

• Noncommunicable diseases (NCDs), also known as chronic diseases,

tend to be of long duration and are the result of a combination of
genetic, physiological, environmental and behaviours factors.
• Main types of NCDs are cardiovascular diseases (like heart attacks and
stroke), cancers, chronic respiratory diseases (such as COPD and
asthma) and diabetes.
• NCDs disproportionately affect people in low- and middle-income
countries where more than three quarters of global NCD deaths.
 Risk factors
• Modifiable risk factors: • Non-modifiable risk factors:
1. Tobacco use 1. Age
2. Physical inactivity 2. Gender
3. Ethnicity
3. Unhealthy diet
4. Genetic predisposition
4. Alcoholism
• Metabolic risk factors:
1. raised blood pressure
2. overweight/obesity
3. hyperglycemia (high blood glucose levels)
4. hyperlipidemia (high levels of fat in the
blood).
 Prevention and control
• Reduce the common modifiable risk factors
• Monitoring progress and trends of NCDs and their risk
• Investing in better management of NCDs (detecting, screening,
treating)
• Providing access and reduces costs to palliative care for people in need
(could strengthen early detection and timely treatment)
 Summary
• Prevention is better than intervention!
• NCDs main causes of death globally:
1. CVDs (MI, stroke), 17.9 million in each year.
2. Cancers (Lung*, breast, prostate, colorectal*), 9.6 million in 2018.
3. COPD, 3 million in 2018.
4. Diabetes (Micro & Macrovascular complications), 422 million
patient.

*3C 1D
 Reference
• https://www.who.int/news-room/fact-sheets/detail/noncommunicable-
diseases – 1 June 2018
• https://www.who.int/diabetes/country-profiles/mys_en.pdf?ua=1
• https://www.cancerresearchuk.org/health-professional/cancer-statistics
/mortality/common-cancers-compared#heading-Two