•GD&T is the means for specifying engineering design and drawing

requirements with respect to actual fluctuations and relationship for

part features which can be most economically produced.
•It is an International language used to describe a part accurately.
•It replaces complex description notes with set of symbols, rules and
definition for defining a geometry of mechanical part.
•Due to GD&T there is effortless reference and fast, precise
communication and complicated projects are easier to complete.
•There are certain situations to which the process provides fundamental
assistance, including critical or interchangeable parts fit into a larger assembly,
tolerance analysis needs simplification or the project require functional gauging
techniques
•It is used especially in the manufacturing sector for dimensioning and
Tolerancing.
•The standard was ASME Y14.5M-1994 and now, ASME Y14.5-2009 is used.
• There are 14 geometric characteristics symbols. They are categorized with the type of
geometric control (Form, Profile, Orientation, Location)
• They are symbols which defines conditions for the tolerance zone of a
geometric tolerance.
• It is a theoretically exact plane from which a dimensional measurement is
made.
• Date system is a set of symbols which is used to describe the function and
dimensions to user.
• Datum plane, Datum axis and Datum centre plane are used to make
measurements of a part.
• It is defined by three perpendicular datum planes.
• The left to right sequence of datum plane defines their order of precedence.
• A geometric tolerance is prescribed using a feature control frame.
• It has three components: 1. the tolerance symbol,
2. the tolerance value & modifiers,
3. the datum labels for the reference frame
• Straightness is the characteristic of a line where all the elements of a line are
collinear. OR It is the variance of surface within a specified line on that
surface.
• This symbol represents the straightness tolerance of 0.100 with respect to
Datum A
• Flatness is the distance between parallel planes that must contain highest
and lowest point on a face.

0.002
• It is defined as the tolerance that controls the central axis of the reference
featured to a datum axis.
• It is defined as the pair of concentric cylinders that much contain the
maximum and minimum radius points along the circle.

A
• A perpendicular tolerance is measured relative to datum plane
• It defines to planes that must contain all the points of the face.
• A second datum can be used to locate where the measurements are taken.
•It defines the pair planes that must
1. contain all the points on the angled face of the part
2. if specified, the plane tangent to the high points of the face.
• The position tolerance for a hole defines a zone that has a defined shape,
size, location and orientation.
• It describes the orientation of one surface plane perpendicular to another
datum plane.
• It indirectly controls the 90° angle between the parts.
• Symmetry is a 3D tolerance that is used to ensure that two features on a
part are uniform across a datum plane.
• Runout is how much one given reference feature vary with respect to
another datum when the part is rotated 360° around the datum axis.
• It is related to Datum.