IRRIGATION

PRESENTED BY: NAPA,EUNICE MAE T.

41588
 CONCEPT OF IRRIGATION
 The artificial application of water for plant for its proper growth and
development.
 A simple irrigation method is to bring water from the source of supply, e.g.
a well, to each plant with a bucket or a watering can.
 An adequate water supply is important for plant growth. When rainfall is
not sufficient, the plants must receive additional water from irrigation.
 OBJECTIVES OF IRRIGATION
 To ensure the proper growth and development of plants.
 To control soil temperature.
 Decomposition of organic matter.
 To control some destructive pets and diseases.
 METHODS OF IRRIGATION
 SURFACE IRRIGATION
 LOCALIZED IRRIGATION
 DRIP IRRIGATION
 SPRINKLER IRRIGATION
 CENTER PIVOT IRRIGATION
 LATERAL MOVE IRRIGATION
 SUB-IRRIGATION
 MANUAL IRRIGATION
 SURFACE IRRIGATION
 Water is distributed over and across land by gravity, no mechanical pump involved.
 LOCALIZED IRRIGATION
 Water is distributed under low pressure, through a piped network and applied to each
plant.
 DRIP IRRIGATION
 A type of localized irrigation in which drops of water are delivered at or near the root
of plants. In this type of irrigation, evaporation and runoff are minimized.
 SPRINKLER IRRIGATION
 Water is distributed by overhead high-pressure sprinklers or guns from a central
location in the field or from sprinklers on moving platforms.
 CENTER PIVOT IRRIGATION
 Water is distributed by a system of sprinklers that move on wheeled towers in a
circular pattern. This system is common in flat areas of the United States.
 LATERAL MOVE IRRIGATION
 Water is distributed through a series of pipes, each with a wheel and a set of
sprinklers, which are rotated either by hand or with a purpose-built mechanism. The
sprinklers move a certain distance across the field and then need to have the water
hose reconnected for the next distance. This system tends to be less expensive but
requires more labor than others.
 SUB-IRRIGATION
 Water is distributed across land by raising the water table, through a system of
pumping stations, canals, gates, and ditches. This type of irrigation is most effective in
areas with high water tables.
 MANUAL IRRIGATION
 Water is distributed across land through manual labor and watering cans. This system
is very labor intensive.
 SOURCES OF IRRIGATION

 DRILLED WELLS
 SURFACE WATER
 DRAINAGE PONDS
 RAIN WATER
 MUNICIPAL WATER
 SOURCES OF IRRIGATION
 DRILLED WELLS 
- are a clean source of water for many greenhouse operations however, the water yield
from drilled wells is usually limited.
 SOURCES OF IRRIGATION
 SURFACE WATER
- includes streams, rivers, lakes and ponds which are dependent on runoff from adjacent
land or from ground water springs. These are dependent on rainfall rates that vary from
year to year.
-Surface water is subject to contamination from sources such as sediment, chemicals and
plant growth.
 SOURCES OF IRRIGATION
 DRAINAGE PONDS
-are usually a combination of rain water and run-off. Drainage ponds commonly contain
fertilizers or other agricultural chemicals. 
 SOURCES OF IRRIGATION
 RAIN WATER
- can be collected from greenhouses or building roofs without contacting the ground and
held in a concrete cistern, fiberglass or polyethylene tank, water silo or other holding
tank.
 SOURCES OF IRRIGATION
 MUNICIPAL WATER
-includes water supplied by city, county or municipality. Either, ground, rain, and/or
surface water may be used. The cost and quality are typically high since much of the
water is for residential use and drinking water and is treated.
 IRRIGATION MANAGEMENT
 NATIONAL IRRIGATION ADMINISTRATION
The powers and functions of NIA under RA 3601, as amended by 
PD 552 and PD 1702, include the following:
To investigate, study, and develop all available water resources in
the country, primarily for irrigation purposes;
To plan, design, construct, and/or improve all types of irrigation
projects and appurtenant structures;
To operate, maintain, and administer all national irrigation
systems (NIS);
To supervise the operation, maintenance, and repair, or
otherwise, administer temporarily all communal and pump
irrigation systems constructed, improved, and/or repaired wholly
or partially with government funds;
To delegate the partial or full management of NIS to duly
organized cooperatives or associations;
To construct multiple-purpose water resources projects designed
primarily for irrigation, and secondarily for hydraulic power
development and/or other uses such as flood control, drainage,
land reclamation, domestic water supply, roads and highway
construction, and reforestation.