6 :

P T ER
C HA Prepared by:
Ms. Katrina
Boticario
THE NATURE- NURTURE QUESTION

Has anyone ever

told you that you
are just like your
mother or your
father???
Is there
anyone in
this world
exactly like
you???
 NATURE

refers to biological/genetic
predispositions’ impact on
human traits
What you inherited…
 NURTURE

Describes the influence of

learning and other influences
from one’s environment
What you learned…
 HEREDITY AND ENVIRONMENT
Heredity Environment
the passing on of the aggregate of
physical or mental social and cultural
characteristics conditions that
genetically from influence the life
one generation to
of an individual
another.
 HUMAN TRAITS
INHERITED LEARNED
Blood type Attitudes
Body structure Concept of self
Eye color Conscience
Facial features Habits
Hair color and texture Mannerism
Instinct Skills
Reflex actions Social customs
Skin color Values
Will power
1.STIMULUS-RESPONSE
MECHANISM
G I C AL
2.REFLEXES BIOLO ES
BAS
OF
3.INSTINCTS BEH A V I O R

4.EMOTIONS
5.INTELLIGENCE
 1. STIMULUS-RESPONSE
MECHANISM
Stimulus-response mechanism is
the basis for all behavior.
All living cells are capable of
receiving signals called STIMULI.
Living cells are capable of
responding to these stimuli.
 2. REFLEXES
These are the simplest behavior patterns
in humans.
Simple Reflex- is an automatic response
that does not involve thought process.
Reflex behavior is INBORN.
Reflex action- sudden withdrawal
 3. INSTINCTS

Instinct is the natural

tendency that a person or
animal has to behave or react
in a particular way.
https://www.collinsdictionary.com/
 3.1 ANIMAL INSTINCTS
SELF- SPECIES
PRESERVATION PRESERVATION
-the protection -ensure
of oneself from reproduction
harm or death and care of the
young.
CONRAD
LORENZ, a
famous
animal
behaviorist
 3.2 HUMAN INSTINCTS
are blueprints for behavior that are
hereditary and common across the
species.
The purpose of these instincts is to
help people adapt to their
environments.
 3.2 HUMAN INSTINCTS

They’re pre-programmed in
the brain itself.
Instincts allow us to protect
ourselves and keep us alive.
 4. EMOTIONS
Feelings of pleasure or pain
According to psychologist, we
are attracted to the things
that give us pleasure and
make us feel secure.
 5. INTELLIGENCE
Is the capacity to
learn, to solve
problems and to
create new solutions
to familiar
problems.
LEARNED BEHAVIOR
1. CONDITIONING
2. COGNITIVE LEARNING
3. LEARNING AND
INTELLIGENCE N
R OR
ED S
E A
L VI
4. LEARNING DISABILITIES BE
H A

5. AUTOMATIC BEHAVIOR
PATTERNS
 THE NATURE OF LEARNING
Learning is “relatively
permanent” change in
behavior which may
be positive or
negative.
3 BASIC FUNCTIONS OF THE BRAIN

1. PERCEPTION

2. MEMORY

3. ASSOCIATION
 1. PERCEPTION
Is the ability to receive
stimuli, such as images
and sound, from the
environment.
 2. MEMORY
Is the ability to
recall past
experiences
 3. ASSOCIATION
Is the ability to draw
conclusions from past
experiences and relate
this impressions to
present situations.
 1. CONDITIONING
Uses rewards and
punishments to get the
desired behavior in
response to specific
stimulus.
2. COGNITIVE LEARNING

IKTNH
2. COGNITIVE LEARNING

THINK
2. COGNITIVE LEARNING
Cognitive learning involves
more complex degrees of
perception, memory and
association than conditioning.
It involves all of the higher
mental processes.
thinking
reasoning
Problem solving
creativity
 3. LEARNING AND
INTELLIGENCE
Intelligence can be defined as
the capacity for learning.
Intelligence tests are
supposed to measure a
person’s potential
performance.
 3. LEARNING AND
INTELLIGENCE
Intelligence test measure a
range of abilities.
Intelligence Quotient (I. Q)
Environment increases or
decreases I. Q.
MENTAL RETARDATION
Slowing or
delay of person’s
ability to learn.
 4. LEARNING DISABILITIES
Breakdowns in the way the
brain processes information.
Spatial relations and
mathematical symbols are
signs of another learning
disabilities.
5. AUTOMATIC BEHAVIOR PATTERNS
(MANNERISMS AND HABITS)
Mannerisms- are unique
characteristics of an
individual’s speech and other
behavior patterns.
- Behavior patterns that
become automatic .
5. AUTOMATIC BEHAVIOR PATTERNS
(MANNERISMS AND HABITS)
Habits- are learned
behavior patterns that
become automatic.
Washing your face,
brushing your teeth, etc.
 FORCES
AFFECTING
BEHAVIOR
MOTIVATION AND NEEDS
MOTIVATION- is the driving
force behind behavior.
Our behavior is motivated
by certain needs.
 Self-
actu
aliz

Abraham atio
n
nee
Maslow’s Aesthetic
ds
needs
theory of
personality Cognitive needs

based on the
Esteem needs
complexity of
human needs
Belongingness and Love needs

Safety needs

Biological needs
 ATTITUDES AND BELIEFS:
THE BASIS OF VALUES
Values - are personal
standards that people live by.
Attitude - is the state of mind
with which you approach daily
situations.
 ATTITUDES AND BELIEFS:
THE BASIS OF VALUES
Optimist- looks at life
from a positive point of
view
Pessimist- has a gloomy
outlook in life
 ATTITUDES AND BELIEFS:
THE BASIS OF VALUES
Conscience- is a moral
attitude that directs us to
perform actions that we
think are right and to avoid
those that are wrong.
 ATTITUDES AND BELIEFS:
THE BASIS OF VALUES
Belief - a state or habit
of mind in which trust or
confidence is placed in
some person or thing.
 SOCIAL ENVIRONMENT
Who are the first role
models for behavior???
Parents, brothers and sisters,
other family members
CULTURAL DIFFERENCES
Customs - are practices that
express social and cultural
attitudes, beliefs and values.
Customs can have a powerful
effect on the way people think
and act.
 SELF-IMPROVEMENT SKILLS
CHANGING ATTITUDE
1. Make friends feel that they are
special in some way.
2. Try to look at the brighter side of
things.
3. Think, work for and expect only the
best
 SELF-IMPROVEMENT SKILLS
CHANGING ATTITUDE
4. Be as enthusiastic about the
success of others as you
would be about your own.
5. Don’t dwell on mistakes. Look
to achievements.
 SELF-IMPROVEMENT SKILLS
CHANGING ATTITUDE
6. Be cheerful and greet people
with a smile.
7. Give time to improving
yourself.
(Optimists International)
 SELF-IMPROVEMENT SKILLS
DEVELOPING SELF- CONTROL
Self- control requires willpower.
Initiative- ability to decide on an
action.
Restraint- holding back from an
action.
 SELF-IMPROVEMENT SKILLS
CHANGING HABITS
1. Analyze the habit or behavior you
would like to change.
2. Set an achievable goal and develop
a plan to reach it.
3. Work toward reaching your goal one
day at a time.