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Network Layer: Forwarding & Routing

The document discusses key concepts in network layer delivery, forwarding, and routing. It defines forwarding as placing a packet in its route to its destination, which requires routers to have routing tables. It provides examples of forwarding processes using a sample router configuration and destination addresses. It also briefly discusses hierarchical and geographical routing approaches to decrease routing table sizes.

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Nikunj Bansal
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60 views10 pages

Network Layer: Forwarding & Routing

The document discusses key concepts in network layer delivery, forwarding, and routing. It defines forwarding as placing a packet in its route to its destination, which requires routers to have routing tables. It provides examples of forwarding processes using a sample router configuration and destination addresses. It also briefly discusses hierarchical and geographical routing approaches to decrease routing table sizes.

Uploaded by

Nikunj Bansal
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
Available Formats
Download as PPTX, PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd

Network Layer:

Delivery, Forwarding, and Routing


DELIVERY
• Direct vs Indirect
FORWARDING
• Forwarding means to place the packet in its route to its destination.
• Forwarding requires a host or a router to have a routing table.
Forwarding Techniques:
 Next-Hop Method Versus Route Method
Forwarding

• Network-Specific Method Versus Host-Specific Method


Forwarding
• Default Method
Forwarding Process
Example
Make a routing table for router Rl, using the configuration
Routing table for router R1

Q.1 Show the forwarding process if a packet arrives at Rl with the destination
address180.70.65.140
Q.2 Show the forwarding process if a packet arrives at R1 with the destination address
201.4.22.35.
Routing
• Hierarchical Routing
Geographical Routing
To decrease the size of the routing table even further,
we need to extend hierarchical routing to include
geographical routing. We must divide the entire address
space into a few large blocks. We assign a block to
North America, a block to Europe, a block to Asia, a
block to Africa, and so on. The routers of ISPs outside
Europe will have only one entry for packets to Europe in
their routing tables. The routers of ISPs outside North
America will have only one entry for packets to North
America in their routing tables. And so on

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