Bakhtin on intertextuality

No member of a verbal community can ever find words in the

language that are neutral, exempt from the aspirations and
evaluations of the other, uninhabited by the other’s voice. On
the contrary, he receives the word by the other’s voice and it
remains filled with that voice. He intervenes in his own context
from another context, already penetrated by the other’s
intentions. His own intention finds a word already lived in.

--Problems of Dostoevsky’s Poetics, p. 131

 CentrifugalCentripetal

Every concrete utterance of a speaking subject serves as a

point where centrifugal as well as centripetal forces are
brought to bear. The processes of centralization and
decentralization, of unification and disunification, intersect in
the utterance; the utterance not only answers the
requirements of its own language as an individualized
embodiment of a speech act, but it answers the requirements
of heteroglossia as well; it is in fact an active participant in
such speech diversity. And this active participation of every
utterance in living heteroglossia determines the linguistic
profile and style of the utterance to no less a degree than its
inclusion in any normative-centralizing system of a unitary
language.
--Bakhtin: Discourse on the novel. p. 272
Opposing Forces
Heteroglossia/Multivoiced
Novel > Poetry
Individual as Intersection of
Discourses
Discourse as Creation of Reality (e.g.,
Freud)
 Dialogism

No utterance in general can be attributed to

the speaker exclusively; it is the product of
the interaction of the interlocutors, and
broadly speaking, the product of the whole
complex social situation in which it has
occurred.
-- Freudianism: A Marxist Critique
Internal Dialogue
Speech Genres
Playfulness/Carnaval