FIRE HAZARD

FIRE
HAZARDS
 FIRE HAZARDS
Are workplace hazards that involve the presence
of flame or the risk of an uncontrolled fire.
FIRE HAZARDS INCLUDE:
 live flames
 Sparks
 Hot objects
 Flammable chemicals
 Chemicals that can aggravate a fire
 Another category of fire hazards are
situations and events that impede
fire protection and prevention
methods. This can include
impediments to firefighting,
compromised built in fire safety
systems, and situations that restrict
the escape of people from an affected
building or area in the event of a fire.
FOLLOWING FIRE HAZARDS ARE
FOUND IN VARIOUS
WORKPLACES:
 Open flames used in various applications
 Electric wires, higher loads, loose connections,
and old electrical equipment
 All cooking and heat generating appliances
 Insufficient capacity and numbers of
emergency exits and stairs
 Hindrance to sight or reach firefighting
equipment, markings, and alarms system.
 Violation of building and fire codes.
FIRE TRIANGLE OR COMBUSTION
TRIANGLE
A simple model for understanding the
necessary ingredients for most fires.

THREE ELEMENTS A FIRE NEEDS TO

IGNITE:
Heat
Fuel
Oxidizing agent
A fire naturally occurs when the
elements are present and
combined in the right mixture,
meaning that fire is actually an
event rather than a thing. A fire
can be prevented or extinguished
by removing any one of the
elements in the fire triangle.
 FIRE TETRAHEDRON
Represents the addition of a component in the
chemical chain reaction, to the three already
present in the fire triangle. Once a fire has started,
the resulting exothermic chain reaction sustains
the fire and allows it to continue until or unless at
least one of the elements of the fire is blocked.
Combustion is the chemical reaction that feeds a fire
more heat and allows it to continue. When the fire
involves burning metals like lithium, magnesium,
titanium, it becomes even more important to
consider the energy release.
 OXIDIZER
Is the other reactant of the chemical
reaction. In most cases, it is the ambient
air, and in particular one of its
components, oxygen. By depriving a fire
of air, it can be extinguished; for example,
when covering the flame of a small candle
with an empty glass, fire stops; to the
contrary, if air is blown over a wood fire
with bellows, the fire is activated by the
introduction of more air.
 EXTINCTION OF THE FIRE
To a stop a combustion reaction, one of the three
elements of the fire triangle has to be removed.
Without sufficient heat, a fire cannot begin, and
it cannot continue. Heat can be removed by
the application of a substances which reduces
the amount of heat available to the fire
reaction. Introducing sufficient quantities and
types of powder or gas in the flame reduces
the amount of heat available for the fire
reaction in the same manner.
Without fuel, a fire will stop. Fuel can
be removed naturally, as where the
fire has consumed all the burnable
fuel, or manually, by mechanically or
chemically removing the fuel from
the fire. Fuel separation is an
important factor in wild land fire
suppression, and is the basis for most
major tactics, such as controlled
burns.
 FIRE TRIANGLE WORK
When fuel or flammable
materials are heated, the energy
stored inside starts to react with
oxygen in the air, giving off heat.
This creates a vicious cycle,
which causes the fire to spread.
To stop the spread of a fire you
have to remove one of these
elements to break the triangle.
 SOURCES OF FIRE
HAZARDS
1. HOT SURFACES
2. CUMBUSTIBLE AND FLAMMABLE LIQUIDS
3. HEAT UTILIZATION EQUIPMENT (OVER
HEATING)
4. CHEMICAL PROCESS EQUIPMENTS
5. LIGHTNING
6. GAS CYLINDERS
7. OVENS AND FORNANCES
 FOUR PHASES OF
EMERGENCY
MANAGEMENT
 MITIGATION
 PREPAREDENESS
 RESPONSE
 RECOVERY
 PRECAUTIONARY
MEASUREMENTS
1. GET A FIRE ALARM SYSTEM
2. INSTALL FIRE
EXTINGUISHERS AND FIRE
BLANKETS
3. PRACTICE SAFE COOKING
4. SET FIRE DRILLS
5. STOP,DROP AND ROLL