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Quantitative Study of Substances and Their Relationship To Each Other in Chemical Reactions. The "Math" of Chemistry
Quantitative Study of Substances and Their Relationship To Each Other in Chemical Reactions. The "Math" of Chemistry
The Mole
Mole &
&
Stoichiometry
Stoichiometry
- Quantitative study of
substances and their
relationship to each
other in chemical
reactions.
Amedeo Avogadro
(1776 – 1856)
Note:
the NUMBER of particles is always the same, but
the MASS of each mole will be very different!
This is because atoms have different atomic
masses.
Molar Mass
Molar Mass = Mass of 1 mole of
particles (in grams)
1 mole of CaCl2
1 mole Ca x 40 g/mol
+ 2 moles Cl x 35.5 g/mol = 111 g/mol
Learning Check!
A. Molar Mass of K2O = ________
C: 12 g/mol x 17 =
H: 1 g/mol x 18 =
F: 19 g/mol x 3 =
N: 14 g/mol x 1 =
O: 16 g/mol x 1 = Total = g/mol
Calculations with Molar Mass
3.00 moles Al ? g Al
On Ref Tables find molar mass of Al
1 mole Al = 27 g Al
Answer = 81 g Al
Mole/Gram Conversion Practice
# Moles = # particles
6.02 x 1023 particles
A Mole of Particles
Contains 6.02 x 1023 particles
1 mole C = 6.02 x 1023 C atoms
1 mole H2O = 6.02 x 1023 H2O molecules
1 mole NaCl = 6.02 x 1023 NaCl “formula units”
(technically, ionics are compounds not molecules
so they are called formula units)
A Mole of Gas
1 mole = 22.4 Liters of any gas at STP
Percent Composition
and
Empirical Formulas
32 g O x 100 = 72.72 % O
44 g CO2
Learning Check
What is the percent composition of lactic acid,
C3H6O3, a compound that appears in the blood
after vigorous activity?
Solution
STEP 1
3 (12) + 6 (1) + 3 (16) = 90 g/mol
STEP 2
%C = 36 g C x 100 = 40% C
90 g
%H = 6 g H x 100 = 6.7% H
90 g
%O = 48 g O x 100 = 53.3% O
90 g
Percent Composition
What is the percent carbon in C5H8NO4 (the
glutamic acid used to make MSG
monosodium glutamate), a compound used
to flavor foods and tenderize meats?
a) 8.22 %C
b) 24.3 %C
c) 41.1 %C
Solution
64.58 %C
1) 7.102 %C
2) 35.51 %C
3) 64.58 %C
Percent of Water in a Hydrate
Hydrate: an ionic compound
with water molecules loosely
attached.
Ex: BaCl2 ∙ 2H2O
Note:
If whole numbers are not obtained* multiply through by the
smallest number that will give all whole numbers
Find Empirical Formula Given Grams
Formula: _______________
N0.167 O0.334 N 0.167 O 0.334 NO2
0.167 0.167
Empirical Formula from
% Composition
C9H8O4
Finding the Molecular Formula
Molecular Mass (GFM) of a compound is either
equal to or some whole number multiple of the
empirical formula’s mass.