INSOMNIA

• Insomnia : kesulitan memulai atau mempertahankan

tidur, bersifat sementara atau menetap.
• Etiologi : ansietas
• Jenis
– Insomnia sementara
• dapat disebabkan karena berkabung, kehilangan, atau perubahan
kehidupan maupun stres
• Terapi spesifik tidak diperlukan
– Insomnia menetap
• Kesulitan utk jatuh tertidur bukan untuk mempertahankan tidur
• Tegangan somatisasi atau ansietas dan respon asosiatif

Sumber : Sadock BJ, et al. Kaplan & sadock’s synopsis of psychiatry. 11ed;2015. hal 339-40
https://www.practicalpainmanagement.com/resources/clinical-practice-guidelines
 HIPERSOMNIA
• Hipersomnia : tidur yg berlebihan, rasa mengantuk (somnolen) di
siang hari yg berlebihan, tiba-tiba jatuh tertidur pada keadaan
terjaga.
• Hipersomnia ≠ orang secara fisik lelah/letih
• Etiologi : narkolepsi
• Tanda dan gejala
– Tidur lebih awal daripada biasanya
– Kesulitan bangun dipagi hari

Sumber : Sadock BJ, et al. Kaplan & sadock’s synopsis of psychiatry. 11ed;2015. hal 339-40
 Sleep-wake cycle disturbance

Kaplan & Sadock's Synopsis of Psychiatry: Behavioral Sciences/Clinical Psychiatry, 11th Ed

 Nightmare
• Dream experiences loaded with anxiety or fear. There is very detailed recall of the
dream content. The dream experience is very vivid and usually includes themes
involving threats to survival, security, or self-esteem. Quite often there is a
recurrence of the same or similar frightening nightmare themes. During a typical
episode there is a degree of autonomic discharge but no appreciable vocalization or
body motility. Upon awakening the individual rapidly becomes alert and oriented.

http://apps.who.int/classifications/icd10/browse/2016/en#/F51.3
Kaplan & Sadock's Synopsis of Psychiatry: Behavioral Sciences/Clinical Psychiatry, 11 th Ed
 Sleep walking
• A state of altered consciousness in which phenomena of sleep
and wakefulness are combined. During a sleepwalking episode
the individual arises from bed, usually during the first third of
nocturnal sleep, and walks about, exhibiting low levels of
awareness, reactivity, and motor skill. Upon awakening, there is
usually no recall of the event.

http://apps.who.int/classifications/icd10/browse/2016/en#/F51.3
Kaplan & Sadock's Synopsis of Psychiatry: Behavioral Sciences/Clinical Psychiatry, 11 th Ed