LASERS

Characteristics of LASER
beam
 Directionality
 Mono-chromaticity
 Coherence i) Temporal ii) Spatial
 High intensity
 focussability
Characteristics of LASER
beam
 Directionality The optical mirrors in He-Ne
laser and the highly polished surfaces of the
Semiconductor lasers acts as optical
resonator. The photons emitted from this
optical resonator is highly directional
 Mono-chromaticity The photons emitted from
by the stimulated emission of radiation is from
the two energy states. Therefore the photons
will have the same wavelength. Hence the
emitted radiation is highly coherent.
 Characteristics of LASER
beam
Temporal coherence: The wavelength of the


radiations emitted by any of the monochromatic

source can be represented as follows.
Characteristics of LASER
beam

Characteristics of LASER
beam
 Spatial Coherence:
Characteristics of LASER
beam
 High Intensity and Focussability
Applications of lasers
There are large number of applications
are there, here we discuss the three
main applications
LASER welding
LASER cutting
LASER drilling
LASER welding
 This is a thermal technique in which two or more
metals are joined by solidification of metals at
common melting point and the process has been
explained as follows.
LASER welding
 The high intensity laser beam is focused
on the spot where the metal pieces is
going to be welded
 The high intensity laser beam posses
the high energy, hence heats the spot
through thermal energy
 the edges of the metal pieces starts
melting and fuse together at the point of
contact
LASER welding
 Nd-YAG or Co2 Laser are commonly used
for welding process.
 Advantages
 It’s a non contacting process.
 ability to weld smaller and thinner
components
 Has high accuracy and consistency.
LASER welding
 A Hybrid welding
system
LASER cutting

 Schematic diagram for the laser

cutting assisted with gas jet is as
shown in the figure
LASER cutting

 It’s a
thermo
mechanic
al process
LASER drilling