Administration of drugs

STUDENTA:VORNICES
OLIVIA
GRUPA: F1903
Routes of Drug Administration

Route of administration is the path by which a drug, is brought into contact with the
body
Parenteral [injections]
Parenteral routes
Parenteral routes
, epidural

Intra articular

Administration of drug into the joint cavity

Parenteral routes

Intra arterial

Drug administered into arteries-Diagnostic or therapeutic Intraperitoneal

Intravitreal

Drugs like glucocorticoids, antivirals and antibodies

can be injected into vitreous cavity
Parenteral X Oral
ADVANTAGES DISADVANTAGES

oFast-sure action oLess safe

oUnconscious & un-cooperative pts. oMore expensive-

oVomiting & diarrhoea oInconvenient

oEmergencies. oSelf medication is difficult

oPainful.
oIrritant drugs (I.V.route)
oChances of local tissue injury& injury to nerves
oDrugs which are destroyed by G.I./first pass
metabolism - given safely. oRequires sterilization of instruments
oSkilled
Subcutaneous[s.c.]

oInto loose connective tissue

oRich in nerves & vascular
oSelf injection-possible
oOnly small volumes
oNot in shock[vasoconstriction]
oEg.Insulin
Subcutaneous[s.c.]-spl.forms
Dermojet-The drug is projected at high velocity, no needle. Pain less.

Implants-Drug in the form of pellets is implanted-testoserone

Implants
Subcutaneous[s.c.]-spl.forms
Implants

• Drug is packed in porous non-biodegradable

material is implanted-Norplant

Iontophoresis Sonophoresis
Intramuscular[i.m.]
[deltoid, triceps, G.maximus, rectus femoris]

ADVANTAGES
oLarge volume[ unlike.s.c]-5c.c.
oOily solutions [can not be given i.v.]
oMild irritants can be injected
DISADVANTAGES
oPain full
oLess volume compared to i.v.
oNot in anti-coagulated pts.
oSelf administration not possible
Intravenous
Advantages Disadvantages
oBolus or infusion oDose smaller
oImmediate action oBio availability is 100%
oNot painful even when irritants are injected oDose titrable
[intima is insensitive]
oHigh risk route-vital organs are exposed high
oMay cause thrompmophlebitis-dilute the drug concentrations of the drug
oOnly clear solutions
oNot suspensions or oily preparations
Intradermal
Injected into the skin
BCG vaccine
Drug sensitivity testing
Factors deciding the choice of
route
oPhysical & chemical properties-Solid/Liquid/Gas, Irritancy, pH
oSite of desired action- Local or systemic
oRate of absorption from a route
oEffect digestive juice and First pass metabolism
oRoutine or emergency
oAccuracy of dosage
oCondition of Pt.-Unconcious, vomiting