Why distributed?

Why distributed?

Centralized

Distributed – no cooperative
Why distributed?
Why maximize the social benefit?
 How uncertainty affects?
• Morales et al. [1]

Fig. 2 Costo de energía vs Penetración de energía eólica. Fig. 3 Despacho de energía eólica vs Oferta de energía eólica.

• Zhou et al. [2]: An interval optimization combined with point estimate for unit commitment.
• Kargarian et al. [3] [4]: Multi-objective optimization for coupled active and reactive power dispatch.
• Lee et al. [5]: Economic dispatch problem as a frequency-constrained optimization with a decomposition
algorithm.
• Hargreaves et al. [6]: Unit commitment as well as generation dispatch with dynamic programming.
• Zhu et al. [7]: Stochastic model predictive control to optimally dispatch energy storage and power plants.
• Zakariazadeh et al. [8] and Murillo-Sánchez et al.[9]: These papers include the uncertainty of demand
associated to demand response programs or load shedding for security.

[1] Morales, J.M.; Zugno, M.; Pineda, S.; Pinson, P., "Redefining the Merit Order of Stochastic Generation in Forward Markets," Power Systems, IEEE
Transactions on , vol.29, no.2, pp.992,993, March 2014.
How uncertainty affects?
 How uncertainty affects?

• Chance constraints
• Robust optimization
• Stochastic optimization
8

Model Predictive Control

** Slides based on MIT OpenCourseWare “Principles of optimal

control” and Institute for Advanced Studies Lucca “Model
predictive control by A. Bemporad”
Apr. 2018

M. Velásquez 04/22/2020
General scheme
 Basic concepts

• Need a “closed-loop” strategy to compensate “open-loop” errors

• Approach known as Model Predictive Control or Receding Horizon
Control
• Basic strategy
11 Basic concepts

• Note that the control algorithm is based on numerically solving an

optimization problem at each step: constrained optimization
• Explicitly accounts for system constraints
• Easily handle nonlinear and time-varying plant dynamics. The
controller is an explicit function of the model (modified in real-
time).
12 A general example
13 Formulation
14 Example structure
15 Models of MPC
16 Parameters
17 Helicopter example
18 Helicopter example
19 Helicopter example
20 Helicopter example
21 MPC in the industry
22 Drivers
23 Summary
24 MPC for the economic dispatch
25 MPC for the economic dispatch
26 MPC for the economic dispatch
27 MPC for the economic dispatch
28 MPC for the economic dispatch
29 MPC for the economic dispatch
30 MPC for the economic dispatch
31 MPC for the economic dispatch
32 MPC for the economic dispatch
33 MPC for the economic dispatch
34 MPC for the economic dispatch
35 MPC for the economic dispatch
36 MPC for the economic dispatch
37 MPC for the economic dispatch
38 MPC for the economic dispatch
39 MPC for the economic dispatch
40 MPC for the economic dispatch
41 MPC for the economic dispatch
42 MPC for the economic dispatch
43 MPC for the economic dispatch
44 MPC for the economic dispatch