8.

Activities should enable students to understand how

a text is constructed.
9. Activities should enable students to understand
cultural context and cultural differences.
10. Activities should enable students to develop social
awareness.
11. Activities should be as authentic as possible.
12. Activities should vary the roles and grouping.
13. Activities should be of various types and purposes.
14. Activities should use authentic texts or relia when
possible.
15. Activities should employ a variety of materials.
Learners
1. Make relevant to their experience and backgorund.
2. Make relevant to their target needs (outside of class)
3. Make relevant to their affective needs.
Learning
4. Engage in discovery, problem solving, analysis.
5. Develop specific skills and strategies.
Language
6. Target relevant aspects (grammar, functions, vocabulay, etc)
7. Integrate four skills of speaking, listening, reading, and writing.
8. Use/understand authentic texts
Social context
9. Provide interculture
10. Develop critical social awareness
Activity/Task Types
11. Aim for authentic tasks
12. Vary roles and groupings
13. Vary activities and purposes.
Materials
14. Authentuc (texts, realia)
15. Varied (point, visuals, audio, and etc)
• An important aspects of developing material is making choice which is
based on goals, objective and syllabus focus.
• Authentic material refer to spoken and written texts that are used by
native speakers in the “real world” (Omaggion Hdley 1993).
• Using authentic materials can be problematic in L2 classroom as it is not
constructed to contain only the aspects of language the learner has
encountered. So that we need pedagogical prepared materials to
understanding and using authentic material.
Material: Pedagogical prepared semi authentic authentic

• Developing materials : a balance of activities and exercise.

• Too many exercises and too few activities = impede development of the
ability to communicate in the real word.
• Too many activities and not enough exercise = deny students the
opportunity to develop the language and skills they need to communicate
effectively.
 Cyndy Thatcher-Fettig’s Unit
Topic : Telephone technology
Level : high intermediate-low advance
Description : Speaking and listening course in
intensive English program.