ASSIGNMENT ON COUMPUTER

LANGUAGES

INFORMATION AND COMMUNICATION

TECHNOLOGY
SUBMITTED TO – D.R R.K SINGH
SUBMITTED BY – RASHMI KUMARI
ROLL NO - 1806101048
 Definition of Computer languages

• A computer languages are the languages by

which a user command a computer to work on
the algorithm which a user has written to get
an output.
• TWO TYPES OF COMPUTER LANGUAGES
• Low- level languages
• High- level languages
 LOWER LEVEL LANGUAGE
• A low-level language is a programming language
that provides little or no abstraction from a
computers instruction set architecture. It consist
of numeric codes i.e0&1. These codes are easily
understandable to a computer but difficult to
human. A lower level language is used in two
generations of computer.
• First generation
• Second generation
 First generation languages or 1GL

• Represent the very early, primitive computer

languages that consisted entirely of 1s and 0s
– the actual language that the computer
understands (machine language).
 Second generation languages (2GL)
• Represent a step up the first generation
languages. Allow for the use of symbolic
names instead of numbers. Second generation
languages are known as assembly languages.
Code written in an assembly languages is
converted into machine language (1GL).
 Characteristics of Low Level Languages

• Direct memory management

• Little-to-no abstraction from the hardware.
• Register access
• Statements usually have an obvious
Correspondence with clock cycles
• Superb performance
 Advantages
• Computational speed is very fast.
• Programs develops using low level languages are
fast and memory efficient.
• Programs can utilize processor and memory in
better way using a low level language.
• There is no need of any compiler or interpreters
to translate the source to machine code.
• Directly understandable by computer.
 Disadvantages
• Programs develop using low level languages
are machine dependent and are not portable.
• It is difficult to develop, debug and maintain.
• Low-Level programming usually results in poor
programming productivity.
• Low-Level programs are more error prone.
• Development of a programs in machine
language is very time consuming.
 High-Level Languages
• High-Level programming languages allow the
specification of a problem solution in terms
closer to those used by human begins. These
languages were designed to make
programming far easier, less error- prone and
to remove the programmer from having to
know the details of the internal structure of a
particular computer. This languages is used in
third generation.
 Advantages
• High-Level Languages are programmer
friendly.
• It is machine independent languages.
• Easy to learn
• Less error prone, easy to find and debug
errors.
• It provide higher-level of abstraction from
machine.
 Third generation languages(3GL)
• With the languages introduced by the third
generation of computer programming, words
and commands ( instead of just symbols and
numbers) were being used. These languages
therefore, had syntax that was much easier to
understand. Third generation languages are
known as “high-level languages” and include
C, C++, java and javascript,among others
 TYPES
• C++
• VISUAL BASIC
• JAVA
• JAVASCRIPT
 Disadvantages of high-level language

• It takes additional translation times to

translate the source to machine code.
• High-level languages are comparatively slower
than low level programs.
• Compared to low-level programs, they are
generally less memory efficient.
• Cannot communicate directly with the
hardware.
 C++
• C++ is a statically typed, free-form, multi paradigm,
complained, general-purpose programming language. It
is regarded as a ‘’middle-level” language, as it comprises
a combination of both high-level language features.
• LANGUAGE FEATURES
• Operators and operator overloading
• Templates
• Objects
• Polymorphism
 VISUAL BASIC
• Visual basic (VB) is a the third-generation
event- driven programming language
integrated development environment (IDE)
from MS for its COM programming model.
Visual Basic is relatively easy to learn and use.
• Visual basic for applications (VBA) is a
programming language that is built into office
applications like Excel and Access.
 Characteristics
• Interpreted
• Dynamic constructs (open classes, message-
style methods, etc.
• Poor performance
• Concise code
• Flexible syntax (good for internal DSLS)s
 Advantages
• These are simple to adopt due to their english
like structure of statements.
• They are easy to maintain and debug.
• Visual Basic is not only a language but
primarily an integrated, interactive
development environment (“IDE”).
• The VB has been highly optimized to support
rapid application development (“RAD”).
*Used to create nice looking graphical programs
that do not require a lot of coding.
*Allows even users with little programming
experience to quickly develop MS window
applications.
*Ideal for developing applications that run in
windows.
 Disadvantages
• The program written in high level language are less efficient they
take more execution time.
• The compiler also consumes some memory as it required for the
translation process.
• The structure of the VB is very simple, particularly as to the
executable code.
• The VB-IDE has been highly optimized to support rapid
application development (“RAD”).
• Visual programming environments are heavy and require more
memory.
• Visual Basic requires a computer with higher capicity of hard disk.
THANK YOU