Design for the

Environment
Minggu Ke-9
Mk Perencanaan Lingkungan
Disiapkan Oleh:
Mochammad Chaerul

Magister Teknik Lingkungan – FTSL – ITB

2017
Increasing the effective lifetime of the chair
 Definition of
Design for the Environment
• DfE is a design approach to reduce the overall
human health and environmental impact of a
product, process or service, where impacts are
considered across its life cycle.
• DfE is the systemic integration of
environmental performance throughout the
product life cycle in the conceptualization and
planning of a product.
 Product Life Cycle

Materials Production

Disposal Distribution

Use
 Two Life Cycles
l
us tria
st -ind ling
Po ecyc
R
n u fact uring
Ma
Extraction Materials Production
Resources
Post-consumer
Remanufacturing
Recycling

Natural Industrial
“Bio” “Product”
Natural Life Cycle Life Cycle
Distribution
Decay Recovery
Reuse
Disposal

Deposit Use
 Product Development Process

Concept System-Level Detail Testing and Production

Planning Development Design Design Refinement Ramp-Up

DFE Goals DFE and Material Assess Impacts Improve

and Team Guidelines and Refine Designs DFE Process

DFE can be integrated into the

standard product development process.
 DFE Process
Product
Planning 1. Set DFE Agenda

2. Identify Potential
Environmental Impacts
Concept
Development 3. Select Material and DFE
Guidelines

System-Level 4. Apply DFE Guidelines to

Design Initial Designs

5. Assess Environmental
Impact
Detail 6. Refine Design
Design Compare to
DFE Goals N
Y
Process 7. Reflect on DFE Process
Improvement and Results
 DFE and Material Guidelines
Example DFE Guidelines
• Do not combine materials
incompatible in recycling
• Label all component
materials for recycling
• Enable easy disassembly
into separate material
recycling streams
• Use no surface treatments
• Eliminate packaging
• Reduce weight and size
for shipping
Example Material Guidelines
• Use recycled and recyclable
industrial materials
• Use natural materials which
can be returned to biological
decay cycles
• Use processes which do not
release toxic materials
• Capture and reuse all
hazardous materials
 Aim and Key Focus of DfE
• The Design for the Environment (DfE) strategy aims to improve technology and
design tactics to expand the scope of products.
• By incorporating eco-efficiency into design tactics, DfE takes into consideration
the entire life-cycle of the product, while still making products usable but
minimizing resource use.
• The key focus of DfE is to minimize the environmental-economic cost to
consumers while still focusing on the life-cycle framework of the product.
• By balancing both customer needs as well as environmental and social impacts
DfE aims to "improve the product use experience both for consumers and
producers, while minimally impacting the environment".

Eco-Efficiency has been proposed as one of the main tools to promote a transformation from
unsustainable development to one of unsustainable development .It is based on the concept of
creating more goods and services while using fewer resources and creating less waste and pollution.
[...] Environmental Economics [...] undertakes theoretical or empirical studies of the economic effects
of national or local environmental policies around the world [...]. Particular issues include the costs
and benefits of alternative environmental policies to deal with air pollution, water quality, toxic
substances, solid waste, and global warming
 Driving Forces of DfE
 
Customer
 
Satisfaction International
Regulatory  
Standards
Constraints  
 
 
  Competitive
Design  for Pressures
Product Environment
 
Stewardship  
 
Enterprise
Risk Management Integration
Sustainable
Development
 Motivations for DfE
1. Reduced Future Liability
2. Reduced Regulatory Impact
3. Reduced Time to Market
4. Reduced Cost
5. Corporate Image and Market Position
6. Enhanced Profitability
 Motivations for DfE
1. Reduced Future Liability

• Informed decisions during the design stage

can avoid costly future liabilities
• Eliminating toxic materials and designing
more recyclable products can reduce
product disposal responsibility
• Reducing toxic releases during processing
helps eliminate later treatment of
contaminated water or soil
 Motivations for DfE
2. Reduced Regulatory Impact

• DfE enables anticipation of future trends in

environmental regulations and standards
• Proactive approach incorporates future
environmental demands and regulations into
current product and process designs
• Early cooperation with regulatory agencies can
be beneficial by allowing influence on
implementation timing and/or metrics
 Motivations for DfE
3. Reduced Time to Market

• Hazardous or regulated substances in products

and production processes often require
permits and elaborate control systems to
meet regulations
• Permits and controls take time and resources
to obtain and establish
• By designing out such substances wherever
possible, time to market can be reduced
 Motivations for DfE
4. Reduced Cost
• Reduced production cost
(by re-using or recycling content)
• Reduced waste management cost
(less waste = less cost)
• Reduced product cost
(through simplification and component integration)
• Reduced usage cost and end-of-life costs

Including Reduced Hidden Costs:

• Potential spills
• Clean-up of contaminated sites
• Potential vehicle take-back requirement
• Special handling and materials management
• Non-value added equipment for: Regulated substances, Environmental controls, Waste
handling (removal, transportation, disposal)
• Potential loss of sales
• Potential labeling of product due to material content
 Motivations for DfE
5. Corporate Image and Market Position

• Consumers are increasingly conscious of

environmental issues
• Perceptions about environmental
responsibility of a company may affect
consumer and government purchase decisions
• Environmental quality can be an effective
marketing tool
 Motivations for DfE
6. Enhanced Profitability

Studies have shown that environmentally

responsible companies have:
– 16.7% higher operating income growth
– 9.3% higher sales growth
– 3.9% higher return on investments
– 2.2% higher return on assets
– 1.9% higher asset growth
(Source: Green Manufacturing, February 3, 1996)
 Characteristics of DfE (1/2)
• Natural resources are transformed into useful goods and
harmful by-products.
• Economic system measures the efficiency of production or
“productivity” in a way that keeps better track of the good
things produced than the bad.
• Acknowledges the importance of environmental preservation
while supporting industrial growth.
• Integrates environmental knowledge and risk analysis with
concurrent engineering concepts (i.e. "system engineering").
• It is both a management approach and an engineering
discipline.
• Ideal point of application is early in the product realization
process.
 Characteristics of DfE (2/2)
• Multi Stakeholders involvement:
– Engineers (determine by-products of product and process)
– Employees (interact with waste products)
– Management (manage waste disposal and costs)
– Shareholders (concerned with liabilities)
– Consumers (end of life disposal of product)
– Government (concerned with effect on environment from process and
product)
– Suppliers (packaging of components)
• Encompasses a variety of disciplines:
– Occupational health and safety
– Consumer health and safety
– Ecological integrity and resource protection
– Pollution prevention and toxic use reduction
– Transportability
– Waste reduction or elimination
– Disassembly and disposability
– Recyclability and remanufacturability
• Combines concepts of Enterprise Integration and Sustainable Development
 The “Crossroad”
Enterprise Integration and Sustainable Development

Sustainable Enterprise
Development Integration

Design for
Environment

Integrated Product Pollution

Development Prevention

Total Quality Environmental

Management Stewardship
 Strategy for DfE
• Pollution Prevention  Environmental
stewardship
• Product Stewardship  Keep the life
time longer and ethics of product usage
• Clean Technologies  It may modify
production processes
• Sustainability Vision  Not just only
bussiness as usual
 THE PROCESS OF DESIGN FOR
ENVIRONMENT

The majority of a product’s environmental

impact is decided in the design stage
 Furniture: Think chair (Steelcase)

http://www.steelcase.com/files/dyn/51b10a138c395a95524647c4af8c0dbc/04-0011852.pdf