Governance & International Relations

Presented by Group-4
Name Roll No.
Rubel Sikder………18
Habibur Rahman…..20
Md. Ismail…………16
Shihab Bin Amin…..22
Mahedy Hasan Hridoy..14
Juyel Rana………….24
 Governance and
International Relations
•Linkage with globalization
•Governance as a central concern of IR discipline

•Focus on governance particularly global

governance
•Governance strongly connected to globalization

•Checks and balance

 This chapter has four
main sectors
•Explore some key literature that defines the scope
and reach of the governance
•Understanding of the underlying dynamics of

global governance
•Understanding of power relations embedded in

governance within IR literature

•Offers some broader reflections on key debates in

literature
 A governance turn
•James Rosenau views of governance
•Lawrence views of global governance
 Continued……..
•Globalization begets governance process
•Nations states there is a whole array of actors and institutions involved in global

governance
•Nations states have ha to change their behavior in the light of global governance
What is Governance?

 Governance is the sum of many ways individuals and

institutions, public and private, manage their common affairs.
  It is a continuing process through which conflicting or diverse
interests may be accommodated and co-operative action taken
 It includes formal institutions as well as informal
arrangements for common interest.
What is International Relations?

 International relations (IR) is the study of relationships among

countries, the roles of sovereign states, inter-governmental
organizations (IGO), international non-governmental
organizations (INGO), non-governmental organizations
(NGO), and multinational corporations (MNC)
Global Governance vs International relations

 A common view of global governance is that of a set

of laws, rules, or regulations designed to tackle global
problems that cannot be solved by nation-states alone.
For example, the problems of global warming, human
trafficking, or terrorism.
 Firstly Global governance is an analytical concept that
provides a specific perspective on world politics different
from the conventional notion of international relations.
 Secondly, while the concept of international relations by definition
covers politics among nations, with non-state actors being
secondary, the term global governance avoids such a hierarchy. In
contrast, it gives equal importance to NGOs, TNCs and other actors
 Thirdly, while the term international relations views international
reaction as a separate level, the term global governance views
world politics as a multi-level system where local, regional,
national, and global processes cannot be separated from each other.
  Finally, while international relations traditionally seek
to explain the behaviour of nation-states from a power
relations point of view, global governance focuses on
norms, rules, and standards.
Global Governance

 Global governance is now the central focus of

work in IR .
 Global governance is not limited to contracts

between states. Other actors like NGOs and

MNCs play an important
role as well.
Institutions and structures of global governanc

 There are two views of how the institutions of

global governance came about and how global
governance is structured .
 The institutionalists and the constructivists.
 An institutionalist perspective in this reading views
human behaviour as rational or consequence driven.
 Rational behaviour means that individuals assess
the costs and benefits prior to action
David Lake
 Deploys a new institutionalist perspective to equate
governance with contracting .
 First, governance is not equivalent to government
or formal institutions.
 Second, governance is a variable .
 The location of governance structures is a function
of three variables: scale economies, expected
costs of opportunism and governance or agency
costs.
Cont…….
 Finally, Lake suggests that globalisation
processes have been facilitated by laissez-
faire economies.
Michael McGinnis
 Michael McGinnis also employs a new institutionalist perspective .
 conceptualisation of governance needs to be broken down
into its constituent service components such as the three basic
human needs of wealth, physical security, and emotional attachment.
 he identifies three realms of collective action: economic-productive,
coercive-protective and social-communal
 The fourth realm – politicalgovernance – provides services for
coordinating the other three realms .
 Sandholtz
considers governance to be the process by
which rules are generated.
Governance, thus defined, can include both
formal organisations that
authoritatively establish and enforce rules.
Cont….

 Although there is disagreement on the origins

of global governance,
there is greater consensus on its evolutionary
and changing character.
 Wilkinson comments, ‘It is premature to speak

of the existence of a complete and fully

coherent system of global governance.
 Global governance

is better understood as ever emerging.

UNDERSTANDING THE POWER
RELATIONSHIPS
 State power through global governance.

 Fairness of the global architecture of

governance.

 The hegemony of Anglo-American ideology.

STATE POWER THROUGH GLOBAL
GOVERNANCE.
 Hegemony of Neo-liberalism.

 Subject of fierce-debate.

 State has “hallowed-out” a deficit in its

capacities.
WHAT UNDERMINES NATION STATE?
 Capitalism & others.

 New global limits.

 New social movements.

 Post nuclearism.
HIGH STATENESS & SUCCESS

EAST ASIAN CASE

EVANS(1997)
FACTORS CREATING OPPORTUNITY &
CONSTRAINTS
 Material resources & capacities.

 Ability to provide dominate ideas.

 Position in international institutions.

INTERNATIONAL INSTITUTIONS &
DOMINANCE

Complex pattern of
structured inequalities??
Fairness of the global architecture of
governance
 reflects the uneven power relationships.
 The dominant discourse of global governance is
deeply grounded within liberal institutionalism.
 global governance is failed to manage
globalization in favor of the world’s poor.
 Global governance is likely to remain inefficient,
incapable of redistributing resources.
 Private transnational interests gain from the
existing governance structures.
The hegemony of neoliberalism
 hegemony of the Anglo-American ideology.
 Robert Cox’s contribution was to expose the

ideological face of governance.

 transnational process of consensus formation

among the official caretakers of the global

economy.
 This process generates consensual

guidelines.
 private and civic actors, working together to

tackle global issues of concern.

Conclusion
 Global Democracy vs Anarchy
 Debates regarding global governence despite stron
defense
 Optimistic View
 Conceptual Debates

-Three Themes:
1. Role of State in Global Governence
2. Causal relationship between global governence and
global isolation
3. Global governence and alter in global power
Suggestions for Global Democratic
Governence

Payne' Reforms (2007l

-G8 expansion
-Reformation of UN Security Council
-Voting power and process of IMF and WB
-Reformation in WTO
George Monbiot's Utopian Thinking (2003)
- Ellected World Government
- Controlled UN General Assembly
 Normative Debates
 Focusing on global governence and

democracy
 Democraticising global governence
 Globalization and an anarchic flavour in the

dynamics of governing
Problems of Existing Global
Governence
 Fragmented global governence institutions
 Lack of Capacity (Role of State)
 Wide range of disagreement among states

and NGOs
 Lack of Accountability (Climate Financing)
 International Clearing Union
 A fair trade organization
Thank You