MODAL VERBS (I):

Must, have to, don’t have to,

mustn’t
 Have to, don’t have to
(+) She has to get up at 7 every day.
You have to drive on the left in the UK.

(-) We don’t have to wear a uniform.

He doesn’t have to work today.

(?) Do we have to study this for the exam?

Does he have to tidy his room?
 HAVE TO
 Usehave to to talk about rules and
obligations, or to say that
something is necessary.

I have to study harder if I want to

pass the exam.

Muslims have to pray 5 times a day.

 Must, mustn’t
(+)You must do your homework tonight.
She must wash the dishes before she
leaves.

(-) You mustn’t smoke in class.

They mustn’t leave their bags here.

(mustn’t = must not)

 MUST
 Usemust + infinitive to talk about
rules and obligations.

 Mustis a modal verb. The only

forms are must and mustn’t.

 Must, as ALL MODALS, is ALWAYS

followed by infinitive WITHOUT
TO!!!
 Must vs. Have to
 Both indicate obligation, but there’s a little
difference.

It’s getting late. I must go now 

obligation from the speaker.

It’s getting late. My mum told me I have

to be at home at 9.  obligation from
another person.
 OBLIGATION
FROM THE SPEAKER FROM ANOTHER
PERSON
I must go to bed. I’m You have to wear a
exhausted. seatbelt in the car.
I must remember to Do you have to work
phone her tomorrow on Saturdays?
– it’s her birthday. I had to wear a
uniform when I was
at school.
 No obligation/necessity:
don’t have to.

You don’t have to come to the party

if you don’t want to.

You don’t have to pay for the

photocopies, they are free.
 Prohibition: mustn’t
 Don’t have to and mustn’t are completely
different. Compare

You mustn’t smoke inside a hospital. It’s

forbbiden. (It’s the law)
You mustn’t drink and drive.

You don’t have to drive to the party, I’ll

pick you up. (You can drive if you want,
but it is not necessary).