FLOW PATTERN

a good length of a very long liquid high liquid–vapor

liquid path path ratios
 FLOW PATTERN
• Cross flow • Double pass
SINGLE PASS
DOUBLE PASS
DOWN COMERS AND WEIRS
 WEIR

• Straight Horizontal
• Adjustable
• Notched
DOUBLE PASS SLOPPED
DOWNCOMERS
MECHANICAL SUPPORTS
MANWAY
TRAY HYDRAULICS
CAPACITY GRAPH FOR A TYPICAL
BUBBLE-CAP TRAY
FLOW REGIMES
 CLOSE-UPS
• Cellular foam • Froth (Operating
regime)
 CLOSE-UPS
• Emulsion regime • Froth regime
 TRAY EFFICIENCY
N eq
Overall efficiency N Eo 
ac

Efficiency correlation (O’Connell, 1946)

Eo  0.52782  0.27511 log10    0.044923 log10   
2
MURPHREE EFFICIENCY MODEL
yout  yin
EMV  *
yout  yin

xout  xin
EML  *
xout  xin

It is possible to have
y *
out  yout
xout  x4  x3  x2  x1
Thus, EMV  1
 SIEVE TRAY LAYOUT
• Net area
• Hole area
• Active area
LIQUID PRESSURE HEADS ON
SIEVE TRAY

hdc  hp  hweir  hcrest  hgrad  hdu

PRESSURE HEADS ON BUBBLE CAP
TRAY
 COLUMN DIAMETER
uop  ( fraction)u flood uop 
V MWv  ( Dia ) 2
Anet  
 v Anet  3600 4
 L  v
u flood  K
v

0.2
  W v
K  Csb   Estimate Csb from Csb VS Flv  L
 20  Wv L

4V MWv
Dia 
 v ( fraction)u flood  3600
Capacity factor versus flow parameter
 ADIOS!
• All of the references are provided during
class lectures.
• All of the pictures are taken from various
books and Websites solely for educational
purpose.
• The author is thankful to Dr, Syeda Sultana
Razia, associate professor, ChE, BUET, for
developing the core concept of this
presentation.