CROSS CULTURAL

RELATIONSHIP

Submitted By
Vaibhav Deshmukh – 62071
Prachi Parab – 62095
Rajesh Chaudhari - 62066
 culture

The way you

The way you live The way you view communicate
things
• Customs • Meaning of
• Beliefs language
• Food • Values
• Music • Interaction
• Spirituality Pattern
• Clothing • Perceptions • Communication
• Health • Attitude • Verbal & non
• Religious • Expectation
practices verbal
• Relationships
• Family structure
 What is cross cultural relationship?

It is a relatively new formal field of social

science studies
 It is learning how to see oneself and the world
through the eyes of another
It is closely related to anthropology and social
studies
It is a practical, multi-field discipline designed
to train its students to understand,
communicate, and accomplish specific goals
outside their own cultures.
 The iceberg of culture

Conscious
Explicit
Explicit

Languages
(verbal
(verbal &
& non-verbal)
non-verbal)

Co
Explicit
Explicit behaviours
Habits
Habits & & traditions
traditions
(food,
(food, housing, clothing,
clothing, health…)
health…)
Know-how
(communication codes, tools..)
Institutions
Institutions
(collective organizations
organizations modes:
modes:
family, education

Unconscious
Norms
Norms
(Do’s
(Do’s &
& don'ts)
don'ts)
cit
Implicit

Values
Values
Mental state
state & cognitive
cognitive processes
Im

processes
(perception,
(perception, learning, knowledge,
knowledge, memory…)
 Cross cultural Relationships in
Shrinking World.
Intercultural communication refers to the effective
communication between people/ workers/ clients of
different cultural background.
Technology has truly made the world a smaller
place. All cultures are now tied together by
information.
Business is often the first link between countries.
We must learn how to deal with other cultures.
Two trends of Intercultural Communication
Globalization
Multicultural workforce
 Examples for Cultural
differences
Arabic language is written from right to left and
almost all other languages are written from left
to right.
In America, people shake hands ,and even hug
each other. But in India we just join hands to say
namaskar.
Raising your hand up means stop in America or
England. In some Asian countries this gesture is
used when asking for permission to speak.
 Benefits of cross cultural
communication
Improving verbal and nonverbal communication
Better adaptation to a new environment;
Learning how to understand, reduce and overcome stress;
Better understanding of one’s own culture and finding one’s
place in a society;
Reduced feeling of anxiety in contacts with members of
other cultures;
Learning about customs and habitual behaviours of
members of other cultures.
Personal growth through increased tolerance;
Developing a positive attitude towards otherness;
Willingness to accept differences
 Stereotypes…

French: logical, Americans: superficial,

Cartesian,
Cartesian, ‘Frontier Spirit’,
elitist,
elitist, materialistic,
authoritarian,
authoritarian, over-optimistic
over-optimistic
proud
Italians: loud,
loud,
Chinese:
Chinese: quiet, macho,
macho,
hardworking,
hardworking, impatient,
enigmatic, over-emotional,
smiling,
smiling, cruel
cruel talkative,
talkative,
unorganized
unorganized
British:
Germans:
Germans: rigid, imperialistic,
imperialistic,
methodical, ‘Island
obsessed with order mentality’,
&
& privacy,
privacy, principled,
unemotional, territorial
class-
class-
 Cultural Diversity
Each person is representative of a mixture of
“cultures and experiences”…
Diversity-Diversity is the group of people who
have different characteristics.
These characteristics can differ in socioeconomic
backgrounds, countries, races, religions and
achievement levels.
Multiculturalism-It is the difference between
cultures.
Diversity Involves:
Recognizing our unique differences
Attracting people of all backgrounds
 Cultural Attitudes
Ethnocentrism
Judging other groups by comparing to there own
group like culture, language, behaviour.
Enculturation
Learning cultural values with in one’s society leads to
ethnocentric attitudes
Ethnocentric attitudes
It is the behaviour that the company follow to
become global. They prefer there own people.
Cultural relativity
Gives the conclusion that all cultures are equally
valid.
Intercultural socialization
Becoming aware of another culture, habits,actions.
 Elements of Diversity
Age Income
Gender Marital status
Ethnicity Education
Race Religious
Beliefs
Physical Ability
Sexual Geographic
Orientation Location
Physical Parental
Status
characteristics
Personality
Type
 Primary dimensions
 Secondary dimensions
 Elements of Diversity
Work
Secondary
Background
Dimensions
of Diversity Geographic
Income Sexual Location
Orientation

Race Ethnicity
Parental Marital
Status Gender Age Status

Physical
Qualities Military
Education
Experience

Religious Beliefs
Primary
Dimensions of
Diversity
 Cultural Sensitivity
Cultural Sensitivity is recognizing and knowing that both
cultural differences as well as similarities exist, and not
making value judgments of good or bad, better or worse,
right or wrong.
The recent growth of multinational corporations, points
the need to prepare the manager to deal with foreign
cultures and business practices
To increase cultural sensitivity one should not be arrogant, don’t
be ugly, don’t practise we are better than you attitude
In order to move forward, we need to understand how cultural
perceptions are formed and how they can develop to change the
way we think and behave to positively affect us all.
Subtle Differences

A gesture that is friendly in one culture may be interpreted as

vicious in another culture.
As communication always takes place within a frame
of reference, international business managers must
make sure they can communicate in one that is not
their own.
The Political frame of reference
We often see a close relationship between politics
and business, as Stock market fluctuate with every
major and minor crisis in our political lives.

Another politically related problem facing the

multinational corporation has been the risk of
 The economic frame of reference
Economic development in many emerging countries are
influenced by high birth rates and high inflation.
The living standards of developed countries and emerging
nations vary greatly.
The cultural frame of reference
Everyone naturally views the world based upon the culture in
which they were raised and also we must be aware that others
will view the world based on their cultural beliefs. Effective
human relations means overcoming our biases and helping
others to overcome theirs.
Language is the foremost barrier to good internal relations.
 Comparative
Management

How to compare the cultures?

What makes a difference between different

cultures ?
 Theories to analyze cross
cultural relations
 Kluckhohn-strodtbeck
Based on six cultural differences
Relationship environment : Are people are
dominating of, in harmony with or dominated
by the environment.
Time Orientation: Does the culture focus on
the past, present or future?
Nature of people : Does the culture view
people as good evil or mix of two?
Activity of orientation: Does the culture
emphasize being, doing or controlling?
Focus of responsibility: Is the focus of
culture is individualistic, hierarchical or group
 Theories to analyze cross
cultural relations
Concept of space
Does the culture conducts business in private,
public or mix of both?

 HOFSTEDE MODEL
Greet Hofstede
How the workplace is effected by cultures.
Meaning of management is different around the
world
Based of four dimensional assessments
Power distance
Degree of inequality of power distribution among
 Theories to analyze cross
cultural relations
Individualism / Collectivism The degree to
which people prefer to act as individuals or group in caring
of themselves
Masculinity / Femininity
The degree to which values like assertiveness,
success & competition are associated with
gender.
Uncertainty avoidance
Degree to which people prefer structure or
unstructured situations and feel threatened by
ambiguities.
 Most recently fifth dimension is added
Long term and short term orientation
Degree to which values like assertiveness,
 Changing world communities
Japan
Once we recap with Theory Z
Americans believe in individualism where as Japanese
believe in the group effort.

Middle East
The Middle Eastern world is composed of countries
that are principally of the Moslem faith.

Europe
European nations formed European Union (EU) in
1992. EU is a single market among members of the
European nations
 Asia
Asia is the biggest economic market. Emerging
economic power house of the 21st century.

North America
A good environment exists with Mexico in the form
of assembling industries. NAFTA made many positive
relations with all the countries. Canada remains as a
major trading partner.
 Culture Shock
 It is feeling of uncertainty, confusion or anxiety a person
experiences when he moves to different place for
business due to the different culture, customs and
behavior.
Cross cultural training
 Cultural training helps to reduce cultural differences and
makes more cultural sensitive.
Cultural awareness
Multicultural communication
Country-specific training
Executive development
Language courses
REPATRIATION
 The process of returning a person to their place of origin
Thank You