INSTRUCTIONS SLIDE

1
Welcome
This is a template to create an Instructional
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3
provide the necessary details to the animator
before starting the animation.

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The slides having 'Instructions' would have a
Variation of stability of atmosphere with time
of day and its effect on air pollutants

Chitra P. Murali and

Professor Rashmi S. Patil
1 Definitions and Keywords

Stability describes the atmosphere’s
2 ability to determine the vertical
motion of pollutants

Atmospheric stability is defined by
3
lapse rates which gives the rate of
decrease of temperature with height

4 
Environmental Lapse Rate (ELR) : rate
of temperature decrease with height in the
atmosphere at a given time and location
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
Adiabatic Lapse Rate (ALR) : rate of
temperature decrease with height for a parcel of
air rising under adiabatic conditions

ALR is a universal constant : (-1)ºC /100 m

Stability is determined by comparing the
environmental lapse rate with the adiabatic
lapse rate

Air pollutants can be assumed as an air parcel
or plume
 When … Atmosphere is …
ELR > ALR Unstable
ELR = ALR Neutral
ELR < ALR Stable
An air parcel is displaced vertically from A to B. Three
conditions may happen:

Stable : At B, air parcel is at lower temperature than
surrounding environment. So parcel goes back to its
original position.

Unstable : At B, air parcel at higher temperature than
surrounding environment. So parcel keeps going up
(i.e. above B)

Neutral : At B, air parcel and environment at the same
temperature. Hence any existing vertical motion for the
air parcel is neither damped nor accelerated

Temperature Inversion : When temperature
increases with height

A temperature inversion is an extremely stable
condition of atmosphere
Impact on Air Quality

There is little vertical mixing when air is stable
and air quality tends to be worse when
stable conditions exist

Air is stable mostly at night(radiation
temperature inversion) when the cooling of the
Earth’s surface decreases the ELR

Air is typically neutral for periods in the
morning and evening

Air is most often unstable in the afternoon
when solar radiation is absorbed by the
Earth’s surface and the ELR is greater than
ALR.


Air quality is usually best when air is
unstable due to good vertical mixing of
pollutants
 INSTRUCTIONS SLIDE

1
Concept details:

2 In this section, provide the stepwise



detailed explanation of the concept.


Please fill in the steps of the
3 explanation of the concepts in the
table format available in the slides to
Step Details of the Image / Diagram Text to be Action / Motion in
follow step (see the sample displayed
below). the step
4  1
Resize
The
the
Thermoacoustic table dimensions
The
as per
Blue arrows are
Thermoacoustic animated from the
refrigerator refrigerator speaker, and white
your
employs requirements.
high
pressure waves
employs high
pressure waves
hollowarrows
would move
vertically.
for the required for the required - Blue arrows
5 heat transfer. heat transfer. should disappear
by the time they
reach the end of
box (system)
1
Concept details
Step No. Details of the Text to be Action/ Motion in
step displayed the step

2 1 Unstable
atmosphere
ELR > ALR
Hence unstable
First indicate the
ELR line indicating
surrounding
environment. Then
show ALR.

3
Image to be displayed

5
2 Stable atmosphere ELR < ALR First indicate the
Hence stable ELR line indicating
surrounding
environment. Then
show ALR.

Image to be displayed
3 Neutral ELR = ALR First indicate the
atmosphere Hence neutral ELR line indicating
surrounding
environment. Then
show ALR on ELR.

Image to be displayed
4 Temperature Temperature of First indicate the
Inversion surroundings ELR line indicating
increase with surrounding
height. environment. Then
show ALR.

Image to be displayed
 INSTRUCTIONS SLIDE

1 Interactivity and Boundary limits

expected in the animation

In this section provide, interactivity options
2
for all the parameters/components of the
concept.

3
For example:


Numerical values to change the state of the component: By
providing input boxes
 Drag
Interactivity and drop
option of components:
Details of To /test theText
Image comprehension
to be of the
Boundary limit
number
users interactivity Diagram displayed
4 
1 The user can
Movement of objects: To explain the action
When the balloon is
placed inof
highthe components
....
move the pressure region, it
would shrink and its
‘balloon’ of gas

Provide the
in the boundary
limits of the parameters,
resonator
temperature will rise
(it will become red).
When moved to low
which will enable correctness of the results ofpressure region, it

5 the experiment. gas

expands becoming
cold (blue)
1
Interactivity and Boundary limits
Consider a plume being released from a chimney. Displayed are the ways in
which it disperses. It is controlled entirely by the stability of the atmosphere.
Interactivity option Details of interactivity Text to be displayed

2 number
1 First indicate the Fanning plume with
stability of the very low dispersion
atmosphere as per the when atmosphere is

3
graph. Red line: ALR stable.
and Yellow line : ELR.
This is stable condition.
Then show the pattern
of plume dispersion.

4
Image
(Don’t show
notations like
gamma)

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Interactivity option Details of interactivity Text to be displayed
number
2 First indicate the stability Looping plume with high
of the atmosphere as per dispersion when
the graph. Red line: ALR atmosphere is unstable.
and Yellow line : ELR.
This is unstable
condition.
Then show the pattern of
plume dispersion.

Image
(Don’t show
notations like
gamma)
Interactivity option Details of interactivity
number
3 First indicate the stability
of the atmosphere as per
the graph. Red line: ALR
and Yellow line : ELR.
This is neutral condition.
Then show the pattern of
plume dispersion.
Text to be displayed
Coning plume when
atmosphere is neutral.
Dispersion only due to
existing environmental
forces like wind and
buoyancy.
Image
(Don’t show
notations like
gamma)
Interactivity option Details of interactivity
number
4 First indicate the stability of
the atmosphere as per the
graph. Red line: ALR and
Yellow line : ELR. This is
inversion condition.
Then show the pattern of
plume dispersion.
Text to be displayed
Fumigation when there is
temperature inversion. At
the region where inversion
starts (i.e. from the grey
horizontal line), the
atmosphere acts as a lid,
forcing the pollutants
downwards.
Occurs especially in early
winter mornings, when most
of the air pollution disasters
have occured
Image
(Don’t show
notations like
gamma)
 INSTRUCTIONS SLIDE

1 Questionnaire to test the

user
2

A small, (5 questions)
questionnaire can be created in
the next slide, to test the user's
3
comprehension.

This can be an objective type

4 questionnaire.

It can also be an exercise, based
5 on the concept taught in this
1 Questionnaire
1. The value of ALR is

Answers:
2
a) (-10)ºC per 1km b) (-1)ºC per 10m

c) (-1)ºC per 1km d) (-1)ºC per 1m

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2. ELR< ALR indicates that atmosphere is

4 Answers:

a) stable b) unstable

c) neutral d) in temperature inversion

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3. Air quality is best when air is
Answers: a) stable b)
unstable
c) neutral d) in inversion

4. Neutral conditions result in which type of

plume?
Answers: a) fanning b) coning
c) fumigation d) looping

5. Inversion results in which type of plume?

Answers: a) fanning b) coning
 INSTRUCTIONS SLIDE

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Links for further reading

In the subsequent slide, you can
2
provide links, which can be
relevant for the user to
3 understand the concept further.

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1
Links for further reading
http://data.piercecollege.edu/weather/stability.html
2 http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lapse_rate#Environmental_lapse_rate

http://apollo.lsc.vsc.edu/classes/met130/notes/chapter18/plumes2.html

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Thank you