• Context: there was very little nationalism. • Studying Rizal was viewed as an answer to this Key Persons: Senate Bill 438 • An act to make Noli Me Tangere and El Filibusterismo a compulsory reading matter in all public and private universities and for other purposes. Against: • Impairment of both of freedom of speech and freedom of religion
• Sen. Rodrigo: harmony between the
church and the state • Fr. Cavanna: the novels already belong in the past
• T. Paredes: Catholics can refuse to
read them to not endanger their salvation • RC Narciso, Pimentel Jr.: Recto’s revenge against the Catholic Church For the Law • Recto: the church are making too much profit which they cannot afford to give up. Rizal aimed at instilling civic consciousness in the Filipinos, national dignity, personal pride, patriotism.
• He portrayed the situation of then
Philippines faithfully. • Laurel: Noli and El Fili are like mirrors, they reflect our defects, strengths,virtues, and vices.