National building codes

FIRE PROTECTION
SUBMITTED TO : SUBMITTED BY :
AR.SUKHMAN CHAWLA ANAMIKA (154002)
SIMRAN
SANDHAWALIA(154037)
This part covers the requirements for fire prevention, life safety and fire protection of
buildings. The code specifies construction, occupancy and protection features that are
necessary to minimise danger to life and property from fire.
TERMINOLOGY
• Automatic Fire Detection and Alarm System: Fire Alarm system comprising
components for automatically detecting a fire, initiating an alarm of fire and
initiating other actions as appropriate.
• Automatic Sprinkler System: A system of water pipes fitted with sprinkler heads
at suitable intervals and heights and designed to actuate automatically, control
and extinguish a fire by discharge of water
• Covered Area: Ground area covered by building immediately above the plinth
level. The area covered by the following in the open places is excluded from
covered area
(a) Garden, rockery, well and well structures, plant nursery, water-pool,
swimming pool (if un covered), platform round a tree, tank, fountain, bench
(b) Drainage culvert, conduit, catch-pit, gully pit, chamber, gutter and the like
(c) Compound wall, gate, un-storeyed porch and portion, slide, swing, uncovered
staircases, ramp areas covered by Chajja and the like
• DOWNCOMER: A wet riser fed from an overhead tank installed on the building.
• DRY RISER: a vertical water main inside a building not normally connected to the water
main.Difference between a down comer and a dry riser is that down comer is connected to an
over head tank and a terrace pump; whereas dry riser remains dry normally. It can be charged
with water from ground level by fire brigade on their arrival by making con nection via fire
brigade inlets provided at the bottom of such dry risers.
• FIRE EXIT: a way out lead to an escape route
• 8. Fire Resistance: Fire resistance is a property of an element of building construction and is the
measure of its ability to satisfy for a stated period some or all of the following criteria
(a) Resistance to collapse
(b) Resistance to penetration of flame and hot gases

• Fire Zones:The city or area under

jurisdiction of the authority shall,
for the purpose of the Code, be
demarcated into distinct Zones,
based on fire hazards inherent in
the buildings and structures
(a) Fire Zone No. 1
(b) Fire Zone No. 2, and
(c) Fire Zone No.3
Fire Zone No. 1: This shall comprise areas having residential (Group A), educational (Group B),
institutional (Group C),assembly (Group D), small business (Subdivision E-l) and retail mercantile
(Group f) buildings or areas which are under development for such occupancies
Fire Zone No.2: This shall comprise business (subdivision E-2 to E-5) and industrial buildings
(Subdivision G-1 and G-2), except high hazard industrial buildings (Subdivision G-3) or areas
which are under development for such occupancies.
Fire Zone 3. This shall comprise areas having high hazard industrial buildings (subdivision G-3),
Storage
buildings(Group H) and buildings for hazardous uses (Group J) or areas which are under
development for such occupancies
GENERAL REQUIREMENTS OF ALL INDIVIDUAL OCCUPANCIES:
All buildings shall satisfy certain requirements which contribute, individually and collectively,
to the safety of life from fire, smoke, fumes and panic arising from these or similar causes
• A high rise building during construction shall be provided with the following fire protection
measures, which shall be maintained in good working condition at all the times:
a) Dry riser of minimum 100mm diameter pipe with hydrant outlets on the floors
constructed with a fire service inlet to boost the water in the dry riser and maintenance
should be as per the requirements laid down in good practice
b) Drums filled with water of 2000 liters capacity with two fire buckets on each floor;
c) A water storage tank of minimum 20000 liters capacity, which may be used for other
construction purposes also.
• Maximum Height:The maximum permissible height for any combination of occupancy and
types of construction should be necessarily be related to the width of street fronting the
building, or floor area ratios and the local fire fighting facilities available.
EXIT REQUIREMENTS :
• TYPES OF EXITS – an exit may be a doorway, corridors , pathways , to an internal staircase or
external one or to a verandah or terrace which have access to street or to the roof of a
building or a refuge area
• Lifts and escalators shall not be considered as exit
• The unit of the exit width, used to measure the capacity of any exits shall be 500mm. A clear
width of 250mm shall be counted as an additional half unit. Clear widths less than 250 mm
shall not be counted for exit width.
• Every exit doorway shall open into an enclosed stairway or a horizontal exit of a corridor or
passageway providing continuous and protected means of egress. No exit doorway shall be
less than1000mm in width except assembly buildings where door width shall be not less than
2000mm. Doorways shall be not less than 2000mm in height.
Type of the Type of installation Water supply Pump capacity
building

Underground Terrace tank Near the

static tank underground static
tank : 2400 litres per
minute giving a
Above 15m height One wet riser cum 100000 litres 20000 litres pressure not less
but not exceeding downcomer per 1000 than 0.3 newton per
24m sq mt floor are . The mm square
riser shall be fully At the terrace level:
charged with adequate 900 litre per minute
pressure at all time giving a pressure
and shall be automatic not less than 0.3
newton per mm 2
THANK YOU