Choosing the number of children in a

family and the length of time between

their births.
TYPES OF FAMILY PLANNING

Natural Family
Planning Method
Artificial Family

Planning Method
NATURAL FAMILY
PLANNING
Method
 Natural Family Planning, also
called fertility awareness
or the Rhythm method,
relies on abstinence from
sexual intercourse during
the most fertile phase of a
woman’s menstrual cycle.
3 Methods used to predict
ovulation:
 1. Basal Body Temperature method:
A woman’s resting temperature
rises between 0.4 F and 0.8 F on
the day of ovulation and stays
elevated until the next menstrual
period. Using a special (Basal body)
thermometer, a woman needs to
take her temperature every
morning before getting out of bed.
When she sees her temperature
rise, she knows she has ovulated.
 2. Cervical Mucus Method: Right
before ovulation, the mucus
from the cervix changes from
being cloudy and scanty to being
clear and slippery. The
consistency of ovulation mucus
is like that of an egg white and
it can be stretched between the
fingers. After the ovulation, the
mucus tends to dry up again.
 3. Calendar Method: Woman with
regular menstrual periods can
guess when ovulation occurs by
looking at a record of their cycles.
If a reasonable estimates can be
made of when the next menstrual
cycle will begin, subtracting 14
days from the estimated date will
give the approximate day of
ovulation.
ARTIFICIAL METHOD of
Family Planning
 In this method, the live sperm is
prevented from entering the
uterus either by killing them with
spermicidal or by obstructing
them through the use of condom
and diaphragms.
Injectable Contraception
(Depo-Provera)
 Injectable Contraception (Depo-Provera)
 Depot medroxyprogesterone acetate (Depo-
Provera or DMPA) is an injectable synthetic
hormone that prevents pregnancy for 13
weeks at a time. The hormone is like the one
produced by the body (progesterone) to
regulate the menstrual cycle. DMPA works
mainly by preventing ovulation - the process
by which an egg is released from the ovary. It
also thickens the cervical mucus which may
keep sperm from joining with an egg.
Intra-uterine Devices
 IUD (Intrauterine Device)
 The IUD (intrauterine device) is a small
device placed inside the uterus for birth
control. It is thought to primarily prevent
fertilization by creating an intense
inflammatory reaction inside the uterus
that is harmful for sperm, either destroying
sperm or making it nearly impossible for
sperm to reach the fallopian tubes.
Secondarily, the IUD also makes the
uterus unsuitable for implantation.
Birth Control Pills
 Birth Control Pills
 Birth control pills (oral contraceptives) are pills which
are taken by mouth everyday to prevent pregnancy.
Combined birth control pills are the most common
type and contain both female sex hormones -
estrogen and progesterone (in the form of
progestin). The pill works mainly by preventing the
ovaries from releasing eggs (ovulation).
Secondarily, it may also prevent fertilization from
occurring by thickening the cervical mucus which
impedes the sperm.
Diaphragm
 Diaphragm
 The diaphragm is a dome-shaped latex
cap that is first coated with a spermicidal
gel or cream and then placed high in the
vagina before intercourse. It is a physical
barrier to sperm entering the cervix but,
more importantly, it holds the spermicidal
cream or gel against the cervix and thus
immobilizes sperm near the cervical canal.
Condoms
 The condoms or sheath was
known in Europe as early as
the 16th century. It was then
made of animal gut or linen.
Modern condoms are made
of rubber
Female Condom
 Female Condoms
 The female condom is a thin
polyurethane sheath which lines
the vagina and some of the
external genitalia. It is a barrier
method of birth control and does
not contain a spermicide.
Cervical Cap
 Cervical Cap
 The cervical cap is a soft rubber cup
to which spermicide is added before it
is placed snugly over the cervix. It
presents a physical barrier to sperm
and kills those sperm which do come
in contact with the spermicide.
Spermicides
 Spermicides
 Spermicides are chemicals which kill
sperm. They are available in many
different forms: suppository, foam, cream,
gel, film and tablets. The active ingredient
in most spermicidal is nonoxynol-9, which
may also offer protection against sexually
transmitted diseases.
Sterilization
 Sterilization
is a simple operation
for both men and women. It is a
one-time method of birth control
which is permanent and requires
no effort other than getting the
procedure done.
2 Kinds of Sterilization

Vasectomy for men

Tubal Ligation for women
Tubal Ligation
 FEMALE STERILIZATION

Female sterilization is a permanent method of birth

control which requires surgery. The surgery involves
blocking the fallopian tubes by cutting them, electrically
sealing them, or putting clips/rings (spring clip/Falope
ring) on them. Pregnancy does not occur because the
sperm cannot reach the egg (fertilization). The procedure
is done under local or general anesthesia, usually using
a laparoscope. The laparoscope makes it possible to do
the surgery with an incision of only about 1/2". It has
therefore been called the band-aid operation because of
the minimal amount of disruption to the skin. Most
women do not need to stay overnight.
Vasectomy
 Vasectomy
 Vasectomy is a permanent method of birth control
for men. It is a surgicial procedure which is done
under local anesthesia. The vas deferens is blocked
- the tube that carries the sperm from the testicle to
the opening of the penis. After a vasectomy, sperm
will not be present in the semen and pregnancy
cannot occur. The procedure is done under local
anesthesia and takes only 15-20 minutes. There is
no need of any overnight stay.
Withdrawal
 Withdrawal
 Withdrawal refers to a
pregnancy prevention
method where the man
pulls the penis out of the
vagina before ejaculation
into the vagina.