21st Century

Literature
from the
Philippines
and the World

A. Advincula
 Literatur
e
What I want to
What I know about know more about
literature literature
What is Literature?

• Literature was derived from the Latin word “literatura”

(Latin) which means letter, from literatus which means
learning. Literature was derived from the Latin word “literatura” (Latin)
which means letter, from literatus which means learning.
• Literature covers both
Literature covers oral
both oral andforms
and written written forms of work
of work which
which manifest expressive or imaginative quality, nobility
manifest expressive or imaginative quality, nobility of thoughts,
timelessness, and lastly, universality.
of thoughts, timelessness,
Literature takes significant humanand lastly,
experiences universality.
as its main
subject.
• Literature takes
Any form ofsignificant human
writing intellectual, artistic experiences
value, and creative as its
main subject.
imaginations.

• Any form of writing intellectual, artistic value, and

creative imaginations.
What is Literature?

• Literature is the expression of

man’s best thoughts, feelings
and emotions in words of truth
and beauty.
 Why 21st Century Literature?

Simply because SHS students were

all born in or just before the 21st
century. This century is their century.
 MAIN DIVISIONS OF
LITERATURE
I. Prose – written in sentences and paragraphs.
It is also known as the language of the mind. It
is derived from the Latin word prosa which
means “straightforward”

II. Poetry – written in verses composing stanzas.

It is also known as the language of the heart.
It came from the Greek word poiesis which
means “making”.
 Prose Poetry
Most everyday writing is in prose form. Poetry is typically reserved for expressing
something special in an artistic way.
The language of prose is typically The language of poetry tends to be more
straightforward without much decoration. expressive or decorated, with
comparisons, rhyme and rhythm
contributing to a different sound and feel.
Ideas are contained in sentences that are Ideas are contained in lines that may or
arranged into paragraphs. may not be sentences. Lines are arranged
in stanzas.
There are no line breaks. Sentences run Poetry uses line breaks for various
to the right margin. reasons-to follow a formatted rhythm or
to emphasize an idea.
The first word of each sentence is Traditionally, the first letter of every line
capitalized. is capitalized, but many modern poets
choose not to follow this rule strictly.
Prose looks like large blocks of words The shape of poetry can vary depending
on line length and the intent of the poet.
 Branches of Poetry
1. Lyric Poetry – a direct, often songlike
expression of the poet’s thoughts and
feelings. Originally a composition meant
for musical accompaniment. The term
refers to a short poem in which the poet,
the poet’s persona or another speaker
expresses personal feelings.
 Kinds of Lyric Poetry
A. Song – is short, simple and direct to the
point. It is a short lyric adapted for
singing.
B. Ode – is a poem intended to be sung but
longer than a song. It is often addressed
to some praised object or person. It is
characterized by exalted style.
Ex. “An Ode to My Mother”
C. Elegy – is a mournful poem
addressed to the dead. It
expresses sorrow for the death
of a love one.

D. Sonnet – is a poem
composed of 14 lines written in
iambic pentameter with a
definite rhyme scheme.

E. Dramatic Lyric – a lyric

poem in which the speaker is an
imagined character rather than
the poet.
2. Narrative Poetry – aims to tell in the form of a
story actual or fictional events.
Kinds of Narrative Poetry:
A. Epic- telling a story about a hero or about
exciting events or adventures.
-a long poem that tells the story of a
hero’s adventures.
B. Ballad- a slow popular song that is typically
about love.
C. Tale- a story about imaginary events: an
exciting or dramatic story.
-an exciting story that may not be
completely true.
 Dramatic Poetry

Kinds of Dramatic Poetry:

A. Comedy
B. Tragedy
C. Dramatic monologue
D. Melodrama
E. Farce
 The greatest form of
literary expression
can be found within
you. It is the innate
feeling which thrive
deep within the
depths of your soul. It
is a great mass that is
unfathomable by
anyone. 
Two Divisions of Prose

A. Fiction
1. Short Story
2. Novel
3. Legend
4. Adventures
5. Allegories
5.1 Fable
5.2 Parable
6. Drama
B. Non-fiction
1. Biography
2. Autobiography
3. Diary
4. Letters
5. Journals
6. Essays
Article
7. Current Publications
Editorial
8. History
 Historical and Literary
Highlights of the Philippine
Literature
I. Oral Lore from Pre-Colonial
Times (-1564)
II. Literature Under Spanish
Colonialism (1565-1897)
III.Literature Under U.S.
Colonialism, World War II,
and before the EDSA
revolution (1898-198)
IV.Literature After EDSA (1986-
present)