Introduction

to
DBMS

Dulal Ch. Sahana

Dept. of Computer Science
Bankura Christian College
 Data
• By data,we mean known facts that can be
recorded and that have implicit meaning. For
example, consider the names, telephone
numbers,and addresses of the people you
know.
 Information
• When data is processed, organized, structured
or presented in a given context so as to make
it useful, it is called information.
 Metadata
• Metadata is data that describes other data.
• Metadata summarizes basic information about
data, which can make finding and working with
particular instances of data easier.
• For example, author, date created, date
modified and file size are examples of very basic
document metadata.  Having the ability to filter
through that metadata makes it much easier for
someone to locate a specific document. 
 Database
• A database is a logically coherent collection of
data with some inherent meaning.
• The collection of related data with an implicit
meaning is a database.
 Database Management System
• A database management system (DBMS) is a
collection of programs that enables users to
create and maintain a database.
• The DBMS is a general-purpose software
system that facilitates the processes of
defining, constructing, manipulating, and
sharing databases among various users and
applications.
 DBMS Components
• Hardware :
– set of physical electronic devices such as I/O devices, storage devices and many more.
• Software :
– the set of programs that are used to control and manage the overall Database. It also
includes the DBMS software itself. The Operating System, the network software being
used to share the data among the users, the application programs used to access data
in the DBMS.
• Data :
– All the data stored in the database.
• Procedures:
– the rules and instructions on how to use the Database in order to design and run the
DBMS, to guide the users that operate and manage it.
• Database Access Language :
– a simple language designed to write commands to access, insert, update and delete
data stored in any database.
 Database users
• Database Administrator
• Database designer
• System analysts
• Application Programmer
• Naive users
• Sophisticated users
• Casual/temporary users
 Database Administrator (DBA)
• It is a person or a team, who is responsible for
managing the overall database management
system.
• Responsibilities of DBA:
– Deciding the instances for the database.
– Defining the Schema
– Liaising with Users
– Define Security
– Back-up and Recovery
– Monitoring the performance
DBMS Architecture
 Data abstruction in DBMS
• Database systems are made-up of complex
data structures. To ease the user interaction
with database, the developers hide internal
irrelevant details from users. This process of
hiding irrelevant details from user is called
data abstraction.
 Three levels of data abstraction
• Physical level: This is the lowest level of data
abstraction. It describes how data is actually stored
in database. You can get the complex data structure
details at this level.
• Logical level: This is the middle level of 3-level data
abstraction architecture. It describes what data is
stored in database.
• View level: Highest level of data abstraction. This
level describes the user interaction with database
system.
 Data independence
• Data independence refers characteristic of being able to
modify the schema at one level of the database system
without altering the schema at the next higher level.
• 7uh``1. Logical Data Independence
– Logical data independence refers characteristic of being able
to change the conceptual schema without having to change
the external schema.
• 2. Physical Data Independence
– Physical data independence can be defined as the capacity to
change the internal schema without having to change the
conceptual schema.
 References
• https://www.javatpoint.com/
• https://en.wikipedia.org/
• https://www.geeksforgeeks.org/
• Database system concepts- by korth
• Etc......