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Module 4elementsofplumbing
Module 4elementsofplumbing
ELEMENTS OF PLUMBING
What is Plumbing?
Plumbing – is the art and technique of installing
pipes, fixtures and other apparatuses in
buildings for bringing in the supply, liquids
substances and/or ingredients and removing
them; and such water, liquid and other carried –
wastes hazardous to health, sanitation, life,
property, also the pipes and fixtures after
installation i.e., the plumbing system.
(Section 217.6 NPC 1999)
What is a Plumbing System?
Plumbing System includes all potable water
supply and distribution pipes, all plumbing
fixtures and traps; all sanitary and storm
drainage systems; vent pipes, roof drains,
leaders and downspouts, and all building drains
and sewers, including their respective joints and
connections; devices, receptacles, and
appurtenances within the property; water lines
in the premises; potable, tap, hot and chilled
water piping; potable water treating or using
equipment; fuel gas piping; water heaters and
vents for same. (Sec.217.12 NPC 1999)
What are the major components of the
Plumbing System?
The system constitute the following:
1. Water Supply & Distribution System
carries water from the water source, street main or a
pump to the building & to various points of use.
2. Plumbing Fixtures
The receptacles that receive the supplied water &
allow the building occupants to avail & use the water
3. Drainage, Waste & Vent
The piping network within the building which conveys
from the plumbing fixtures all wastes and rainwater
to a treatment facility & point of disposal.
TYPICAL PLUMBING
SYSTEM OF A TOILET AND
BATH
Who is the Plumber?
Section 203.1
BACKFLOW – the flow of water or other liquids, mixtures
or substances into the distributing pipes of a potable
supply of water from any source other than from its
intended source.
Section 203.5
BACK-SIPHONAGE – the flowing
back of used, contaminated or
polluted water from a plumbing
fixture or vessel into a water
supply due to a negative
pressure in such pipe.
BACKFLOW PREVENTION DEVICES, ASSEMBLIES and METHODS
202.6
AIRGAP, WATER DISTRIBUTION – an unobstructed vertical distance
through the free atmosphere between the lowest opening from any pipe or
faucet conveying potable water to the flood level rim of any tank, vat or fixture.
Fixtures When not When affected
affected by side by side walls
walls
FLOW FLOW
FIXTURE FITTING PRESSURE
kPa PSI GPM LPS
Plumbing shall be
designed and
adjusted to use the
minimum quantity
of water consistent
with proper
performance and
cleaning.
Principle No. 4:
Each fixture
directly connected
to the drainage
system shall be
equipped with
water – sealed
trap.
Principle No. 11:
The drainage
piping system shall
be designed to
provide adequate
circulation of free
air from siphonage,
aspiration or
forcing of trap
seals under
ordinary use.
Principle No. 12:
Vent terminals shall
extend to the outer air
and installed to
preempt clogging and
the return of foul air to
the building.
Principle No. 13:
501.2.2
Testing Media – the piping of the plumbing, drainage and venting system shall
be tested with water or air.
501.2.3
WATER TEST – the water test shall be applied to the drainage and vent system
either in its entirety or in sections. The water shall be kept for at least 15
minutes before inspection starts.
501.2.4
AIR TEST – the air test shall be made by attaching an air compressor testing
apparatus to any suitable opening, and after closing all other inlets and outlets of
the system, air is forced into the pipe system until there is a uniform gauge
pressure of 34.5 kPa (5 psi) or sufficient to balance a column of mercury 254
mm in height. The pressure shall be held without introduction of additional air
for a period of at least 15 minutes.
Principle 13 KEYWORD:
501.2.6
WATER PIPING – upon completion of a section or of the entire hot and cold
water supply systems, it shall be tested and proved tight under a water
pressure not less than the working pressure under which it is to be used
plus 50%. The water for test shall be obtained from a potable source of
supply. A 344.5 kPa (50 psi) air pressure may be substituted for the water
test. In either method of test, the piping shall withstand the test without
leaking for a period of not less than 15 minutes.
Principle No. 14:
No substance which
will clog the pipes,
produce explosive
mixtures ,destroy the
pipes or their joints or
interfere unduly with
the sewage disposal
process shall be
allowed to enter the
building drainage
system.
Principle No. 15:
Proper protection shall be
provided to prevent
contamination of food,
water, sterile goods &
similar materials by
backflow of sewage.
When necessary, the
fixture, device or
appliance shall be
connected indirectly with
the building drainage
system.
Principle No. 16:
All plumbing
fixtures shall
be properly
spaced, to
be
accessible
for their
intended
use.
Principle No. 21:
Plumbing shall be
installed by Registered
Master Plumbers with
due regard to the
preservation of the
strength of structural
members and the
prevention of damage to
walls and other surfaces
through fixture usage.
Sewage or other
Principle No. 22: waste from a
plumbing system
which may be
deleterious to
surface or sub –
surface waters
shall not be
discharge into the
ground or onto any
waterway, unless
first rendered
innocuous through
subjection to some
acceptable form of
treatment.
End of Presentation