ELECTRICAL INSULATING

MATERIALS STANDARD

MICAH A. MANUEL
BSEE-5E
ENGR . EDWARD ACERO
 INSULATING MATERIALS TYPES
• There is no piece of electrical equipment that does not depend on
electrical insulation in one form or an other to maintain the flow of
electric current in desired paths or circuits. If due to some reasons
the current deviates from the desired path, the potential will drop. 
• An example of this is a short circuit and this should always be
avoided.
• This is done by proper choice and application of insulation
wherever there is a potential difference between neighboring
conducting bodies that carry current.
INSULATING MATERIAL TYPES
• There are four Insulating Materials Types areas where
insulation must be applied. They are:
• between coils and earth (phase-to-earth),
• between coils of different phases (phase-to-
phase),
• between turns in a coil (inter-turn), and
• between the coils of the same phase (inter-coil).
• The performance of the insulation depends on its
operating temperature. The higher the temperature,
the higher will be the rate of its chemical
deterioration, and hence the lower will be its useful
life.
• If a reasonably long life of an insulation is expected,
its operating temperature must be maintained low.
• Therefore, it is necessary to determine the limits of temperature
for the insulation. which will grouped into different classes O, A,
B, and C with temperature limits of 90°C, 105°C and 130°C for
the first three classes and no specific limit fixed for class C.
• Classes O and A cover the various organic materials without and
with impregnation respectively, while classes B and C cover
inorganic materials, respectively with and without a binder.
IEC (INTERNATIONAL ELECTROTECHNICAL COMMISSION)
• Class Y (formerly O): 90°C: Paper, cotton, silk,
natural rubber, polyvinyl chloride, etc., without
impregnation.
• Class A: 105°C: Same as class
Y but impregnated, and nylon.
• To impregnate is to cause to be
infused or permeated
throughout, as with a
substance
Example:
Impregnated Paper is a sheet
with superior liquid-retaining
and water-absorbing
• Class E: 120°C: Polyethylene terephthalate (terylene
fibre, melinex film), cellulose triacetate,
polyurethanes, polyvinyl acetate enamel
• Class B: 130°C: Mica, fibreglass (alkali free alumino
borosilicate), bitumenized asbestos, bakelite,
polyester enamel.
• Class F: 155°C: As class B but with alkyd
and epoxy based resins.
• Alkyd any of a group of synthetic polyester
resins derived from various alcohols and
acids, used in varnishes, paints, and LAMINATED MICA
adhesives.
• Epoxy Based Resin a flexible usually
thermosetting resin made by
copolymerization of an epoxide with another
compound having two hydroxyl groups and
used chiefly in coatings and adhesives. ALKYD VARNISHED
FIBERGLASS
• Class H: 180°C: As class B with silicone resin binder,
silicone rubber, aromatic polyamide (nomex paper
and fibre), polyimide film (enamel, varnish and film)
and estermide enamel.
• Silicone resins 
-are relatively low molecular weight
polymers with a three-dimensional
branched-chain structure. With excellent
thermal stability their many properties
make them suited for use as binders in
paints, varnishes and impregnating
products.
-used to make paints and coatings MICA SHEET LAMINATED WITH
SILICONE RESIN
and in electrical and many other
applications, where they help to improve
• Silicone rubber is an
elastomer (rubber-like
material) composed of
silicone—itself a polymer—
containing silicon together
with carbon, hydrogen, and
oxygen. 
• Silicone rubbers are widely
used in industry, and there
are multiple formulations.
•  Nomex paper is an insulation paper
which offers high inherent dielectric
strength, mechanical toughness,
flexibility and resilience. 
-is widely used in a majority of
electrical equipment applications.
• Class C: Above 180°C: As class B but with suitable
non-organic binders; teflon (polytetrafluoroethylene),
and other high temperature polymers.
• Teflon® is considered to be
the most
slippery material that
exists. It withstands extreme
temperatures, is an
excellent insulator and is
resistant to nearly all
industrial chemicals and
solvents.
Teflon Coated Fiber