DESIGN AND DEVELOMENT OF

QUESTIONNAIRE IN RESEARCH

Mr. R. Kaja Bantha Navas

Assistant Professor

Data Analytics online Session

 Motivation

Gaps in
 Literature Review
 Problem Identification

 Research Title

 Research Objectives

 Questionnaire
 Data Analysis
 Research Findings & Conclusion
Discussion Agenda

 Design Your Own Questionnaire

 Write Your Own Questionnaire

 Distribute Your Own Questionnaire

 Validate Your Own Questionnaire

How can We set/formulate the

Questionnaire
Questionnaire
A questionnaire is a technique for
collecting data in which a respondent
provides answers to a series of
questions.
A paper and pencil instrument through
which Data is obtained.
What will the questionnaire measure?
Knowledge/Attitude/beliefs/intention
Emotion/ Behavior
 Steps in Questionnaire
1. Decide the information required.
2. Define the target respondents.
3. Choose the method(s) of reaching your
target respondents.
4. Decide on question content.
5. Develop the question wording.
6. Put questions into a meaningful order
and format.
7. Check the length of the questionnaire.
8. Pre-test the questionnaire.
 Design Your Own Questionnaire – (7)

 Identify the goal of your

questionnaire
 Choose your question type or

types
 Rating scale questions

 Develop questions (in your words)

for your questionnaire

 Identify your target demographic

 Minimize the length of your

 Identify the goal of your questionnaire

What is your Research objective?

What kind of information/Data do you want to

gather with your questionnaire?

Is a questionnaire the best way to go about

collecting this information?

For Example
To Develop hypotheses between the

Variables/Factors
To Develop Mathematical Framework between

the Variables/Factors
 Define the target
respondents
A key component of survey design is
deciding whom to survey. You need to
decide, for instance, whether you want to
target a specific demographic or if you
want answers from a broad cross section of
the public.
For example: Professionals, Bankers, Mal
Customers, Teachers, Lawyers
Target Demographic: For example, you can
consider young adult to be 18-29 years old,
 Characteristics Number Percent
Gender    
 Male 34 68
 Female 16 32
Age    
 16 - 30 1 2
 31 - 50 40 80
 51 - 70 8 16
 71 - 90 1 2
Packages Selection    
 Apollo Health 44 88
Check 2 4
 Apollo Executive 2 4
Health Check 1 2
 Apollo Heart 1 2
 
Check  
Choose your question type or types
Types of Questions

1. Pre-coded, single-choice questions

2. Open-ended questions
3. Presence-Absence questions
4. Rank-ordering questions
5. Likert-type questions
6. Branching questions
 Pre-coded, single-choice
questions
1. What is your job title?
(1)Operation Manager (2) Project
Manager (3)
Quality Manager (4)
Supervisor/Engineer (5) Executives

2. Which would best describe in your

business?
(1) Micro enterprise (2) Medium
enterprise (3) Small enterprise
 Open-ended questions

 Open-ended questions do not have

pre-set answers. Excellent way to
explore new areas.

 These questions allow the

respondent to respond in their own
words. They can be useful for gaining
insight into the feelings of the
respondent, but can be a challenge
 Open-ended questions

What is the one thing you would like

to see changed at the Company ?

____________________________________
___________________________________
 Presence and Absence questions

Ask respondents to check off which

items in a list do or do not apply to them

Company’s Yes No
capability
Do you have the    
necessary facilities
for R& D?
Is manufacturing your    
core business
 Rank-Ordering Questions

 Rank-order questions ask respondents to

indicate an ordering of response items,
usually from least preferred to most
preferred
 this type of question asks your
respondent to rank items or choose
items in a particular order from a set.
For example, it might ask your
respondents to order five things from
least to most important.
 Rank-Ordering Questions
What sources do you prefer for writing term in
research reports ? Please rank them according
to …… (7= most preferred; 1= least preferred)
Books 1
Encyclopaedia 1
Friends 5
Internet 6
Journals 7
Lecture notes 5
Personal 4
Likert Type Scale
These questions allow the
respondent to assess a particular
issue based on a given dimension.
You can provide a scale that gives
an equal number of positive and
negative choices, for example,
ranging from “strongly agree” to
“strongly disagree.”
Likert Type Scale
How would you rate your ability to convert
or modify production processes to produce
a new product?
Branching Question
Writing your questionnaire

My name is Rajan and I am one of the

creators of this questionnaire. I am part of
the Department of Management Studies at
the University of Madras, where I am
focusing in Impact on Cloud Based
Manufacturing in Indian MSMEs.
 Explain the purpose of the
questionnaire, what will happen
with the data you collect
This survey is aimed to collect your views on
the future practices on cloud based
manufacturing model and in your
organisation. Please spare a few minutes to
respond to the survey by simply rating
(putting a tick mark) each statement. This will
help us to identify where improvements can be
made so as to enhance the cloud based
manufacturing model for optimising
manufacturing performance.
Mention how long the questionnaire will take
 Assure
 Make sure your questionnaire looks
professional
 Clear language for the questions.

 Always proof read. Check for spelling,

grammar, and punctuation errors.

 Embarrassing questions and hypothetical

questions should be avoided

 Include sub title. This is a good way for

your respondents to understand the focus

of the survey as quickly as possible.
 Assure
 Begin with simple and general questions
 Move from general to specific in logical
manner 
 Important target questions should be asked in

the middle of the opinion survey.

 Use funnel sequence: Start with broad
questions and gradually narrow down to the
specific questions related to the topic.
 Demographic data should be obtained at the

end/initial of self administering questions

Assure

Thank your respondents.

 Thank them for taking the time and

effort to complete your survey.

Distributing Your OwnQuestionnaire

 Do a pilot study
 Disseminate your

questionnaire
 Include a deadline
 Do a pilot study
 Plan to include 5-10 people in the pilot testing of
your questionnaire. Get their feedback on your
questionnaire by asking the following questions:
 Was the questionnaire easy to understand? Were

there any questions that confused you?

 Was the questionnaire easy to access? (Especially

important if your questionnaire is online).

 Do you feel the questionnaire was worth your time?

 Were you comfortable answering the questions

asked?
 Are there any improvements you would make to

the questionnaire?
 Disseminate your
questionnaire
 Online site
 Mail

 Face-to-face interviews

 Telephone
 SurveyMonkey.com

This site allows you to write your own

questionnaire with their survey
builder, and provides additional
options such as the option to buy a
target audience and use their
analytics to analyse your data.
₨ ₨
₨ 899 / ₨ 499 /
4,999 / 1,999 /
user / user /
user / user /
month month
The structure of the
questionnaire
Opening Show Courtesy • Awaken the
respondents interest on the topic
Early These should be simple, friendly,
close ended, easy to respond
Questions  questions & should convey the
theme of the study Middle
Questions
Middle Ask the Target Questions

Questions 
Late Ask optional questions like name,
age etc along with open-ended
Questions question here
Closing  Build relation, Keep scope for future
 Reliability

Cranach’s alpha is the most common

measure of internal consistency
("reliability"). It is most commonly
used when you have multiple Likerts
questions in a survey/questionnaire
that form a scale and you wish to
determine if the scale is reliable. In
order to understand whether the
questions in this questionnaire all
 Cronbach's Alpha

Cronbach's Alpha N of Items

.699 24

From the table, Cronbach's alpha is 0.699,

which indicates a high level of internal
consistency for our scale with this specific
sample.