Nematoda Jaringan

Oleh
LISA HIDAYATI, SKM, MSi
• Causal Agents:
Trichinellosis ( trichinosis ) disebabkan oleh
nematoda ( cacing gelang ) dari genus
Trichinella . Selain klasik agen T. spiralis
( ditemukan di seluruh dunia dalam banyak
hewan karnivora dan omnivora ) , beberapa
spesies lain dari Trichinella kini diakui .
 .Trichinella spp

• 1- T. pseudospiralis (mammals and birds)

worldwide),
• 2- T. nativa (Arctic bears)
• 3- T. nelsoni (African predators and
scavengers)
• 4- T. britovi )carnivores of Europe and western
Asia).
Trichinella-adult
Trichinella nativa
Life cycle
 Geographic Distribution

Worldwide.  Most common in parts of

Europe and the United States.
 Clinical Features
• Light infections may be asymptomatic. 

• Intestinal invasion can be accompanied by gastrointestinal symptoms

(diarrhea, abdominal pain, vomiting). 

• Larval migration into muscle tissues (one week after infection) can
cause periorbital and facial edema, conjunctivitis, fever, myalgias,
splinter hemorrhages, rashes, and blood eosinophilia. 

• Occasional life-threatening manifestations include myocarditis,

central nervous system involvement, and pneumonitis. 

• Larval encystment in the muscles causes myalgia and weakness,

followed by subsidence of symptoms.
  
 
   
   
   
   
   
   
   
   
   
   
   
   
 Splinter
  hemorrhages 2 Swollen eyes
   
   
   
A, B: Encysted larvae of Trichinella in pressed muscle
tissue sample.  The coiled larvae can be seen inside the
cysts

                                

B
                           

A
 
 Trichinella spiralis encysted larva
   
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
   
 
 
 
 
C, D: Larvae of Trichinella, freed from their cysts,
typically coiled; length: 0.8 to 1 mm. 

                                             
   
     
 
                                          
 Laboratory Diagnosis

• The suspicion of trichinellosis (trichinosis),

based on clinical symptoms and eosinophilia,
can be confirmed by specific diagnostic tests,
including antibody detection, muscle biopsy,
and microscopy.
 Antibody Detection

Immunodiagnostic tests currently available in

the U.S. include enzyme immunoassays
(EIA). 
Antigen preparations may be crude antigens
prepared from homogenates of Trichinella
spiralis muscle larvae or excretory-secretory
(ES) products produced by cultured larvae .