LAW

Law and its kinds.

Law

Uniformity of fixedness of behavior.

The word is taken from the word “LAG”, which means something fixed
or unchanging.
Law in different
sciences.
IN PHYSICAL SCIENCES:

Something fix or unchanging (behavior).

Law of gravity, law of motion.

IN THE SOCIAL SCIENCES:

1. fixed or uniformity of things (demand and supply).
2. a rule that guides the behavior.
Definition of law

Law is a command issued by a superior to an inferior.

General rule of action.
Body of principles recognized and applied by the state in the administration of
justice.

Positive law is the term generally used to describe man-made laws which
oblige or specify an action.
It also describes the establishment of specific rights for an individual or group.
 Six characteristics of
law
1. Uniformity

2. Universality

3. Externality

4. Content

5. Formulation

6. Sanction
Uniformity
Law is a general rule of human conduct.

It means that people will always act in a way and will refrain from some
behaviors.

So we can say that law is a statement of do’s and don'ts.

Universality
Law is applicable to the whole civic community.

It is meant for all the individuals living in the state.

No man whatsoever can claim exception from the obedience of law.

The principle of equality before the law.

Externality
Law is only for external acts.

It is not for inner thoughts and intentions.

The state or a law cannot enforce intentions or thoughts.

The law cannot enforce honest thoughts in minds of people.

Content
The laws define the relation, association, rights or duties among
individuals or the groups.
Formulation
Laws are prepared according to some formula or a procedure by the
state or the legislative organ.

A mare custom cannot be a law unless it is formulated by the state or

the authority.

LAW MAKING IN PAKISTAN

Sanction
The threat of punishment and the reward for good is called the
sanction.

The state enforce the law by force.

The punishment can be given in the form of fine, confiscation of

property etc.
Sources of law
Custom or usage (cyber laws)

Religion (Islamic law, Quran, Hadood Laws)

Judicial decisions (Precedents)

Scientific commentaries (Email).

Equity (justice, Above Law)

Legislation (Law making process of a state).