ENGLISH

PROJECT
APARNA M KRISHNAN
IX STD
ADVENTURE
 ADVENTURE
 What is adventure?
Adventure means bold undertaking or
hazardous enterprise.
 Adventure adds zest and delight to our life.
 Everyone cannot be a born adventurer.
 An adventurer should have plenty of
endurance, persistence & will power.
 People avoid action often because they are
afraid of the consequences, for action means
risk & danger.
 ROALD ENGELBREGT
GRAVNING AMUNDSEN

BORN ON JULY 16,1872

DIED ON JUNE 18,1923

OCCUPATION EXPLORER
 ROALD AMUNDSEN
 Roald Engelbregt Gravning Amundsen was
a Norvigian explorer of polar regions.
 He was the first person to reach both the North
and South Poles.
 He led the first Antarctic expedition to the
South Pole between 1910 and 1912.
 Amundsen was a key expedition leader during
the Heroic Age of Antarctic Exploration.
 POLAR TREKS
Belgian Antarctic Expedition 1897–99
 He was a member of the Belgian Antarctic
Expedition (1897–99) as first mate.
 This expedition was led by Adrien de Gerlache,
using the ship the Belgica, it became the first
expedition to spend winter in Antarctica.
 The Belgica, whether by mistake or design,
became locked in the sea ice at 70°30'S off
Alexander Land, west of the Antarctic Peninsula.
 The crew then endured a winter for which the
expedition was poorly prepared.
 By Amundsen's own estimation, the doctor for the
expedition, American Frederick Cook, probably
saved the crew from scurvy by hunting for animals
and feeding the crew fresh meat, an important
lesson for Amundsen's future expeditions.
Northwest passage
 In 1903, Amundsen led the first expedition to
successfully traverse the Northwest Passage
between the Atlantic and Pacific Oceans with six
others in a 47 ton steel seal hunting vessel, Gjøa.
 Amundsen had the ship outfitted with a small,
gas engine.
 They travelled via Baffin Bay, Lancaster and
Peel Sounds, and James Ross and Rae Straits
and spent two winters near King William
Island in what is today Gjoa Haven, Nunavut,
Canada.
 After a third winter trapped in the ice,
Amundsen was able to navigate a passage into
the Beaufort Sea after which he cleared into the
Bering Strait, thus having successfully
navigated the Northwest Passage.
 It was at this time that Amundsen received
news that Norway formally became
independent of Sweden and had a new king.
 Amundsen sent the new King Haakon VII
news that it "was a great achievement for
Norway." He hoped to do more he said and
signed it "Your loyal subject, Roald
Amundsen.“
ENVIRONMENT
 ENVIRONMENT
 All physical, chemical, biological & social factors
which make up the surroundings of man are
refered to as environment.
 Environment is our basic life support system. It
provides the air we breathe, the water we drink, the
food we eat and the land where we live.
 Every species remains depended on their
environment.
 ENDANGERD SPECIES
 Rising human population, loss of natural
habitat, poaching, hunting are some of the
main reasons of extinction of animals.
 India is one of the most populous countries in the
world and it was inevitable that man come into
conflict with other animals for resources.
 A number of species are rated as Critically
Endangered, Endangered or Vulnerable as per the
2004 IUCN Red List of Threatened Animals,
internationally recognised as the list that categories
the status of globally threatened animal species.
 The good news is that a number of organizations
and individuals are constantly working towards
the conservation of wildlife in India .
SOME ENDANGERED ANIMALS
Asian elephant
 Smaller than its African cousins the Asian
Elephant is one of the few living species of
elephants. These large (can go upto 5400 kg)
gentle animals have been domesticated for
centuries and are docile when well treated. The
single most important cause of their decline is
loss of habitat.
 They have also been persecuted due to the
crop damage they are perceived to cause.
Poaching for ivory has not affected them as
much as the African elephant, since, unlike
African elephants, only the male of the species
has tusks.
 Chiru (Tibetan antelope)
 India is the only place outside of China where you
will find the chiru, a shy, gazelle-like animal whose
wool makes the softest, warmest, most expensive shawls
in the world - shahtoosh .
 Found at elevations of 3250 - 5500 m (10,660 - 18,000 ft),
they are so rare that it is difficult to imagine they once
roamed in herds of 15,000.
 It takes three to five chirus to make one shawl, and as long
as shahtoosh shawls are a rage in international fashion, the
outlook is bleak for their survival. India has banned the
manufacture and sale of shahtoosh , but it might already be
too late for this species.
 Ganges River Dolphin
 One of the world's rarest mammals, the river dolphins of
India 's sacred Ganges River (one of the five species of
river dolphins in India ) live in one of the world's most
densely populated areas and since the consequent
degradation of its habitat shows no signs of abating, it
seems its numbers will continue to decline.
 Grey-brown in color, with a long beak, a stocky body,
and large flippers, they prefer murky waters and are
unsociable, unlike their marine cousins made popular by
movies like "Freeing Willy".
 Their eyes lack a lens, and the species is sometimes
referred to as being blind, although its eyes do seem to
function as a direction-finding device.
 They have declined due to pollution, accidental
capture in fishing nets, and hunting for meat,
oil and traditional medicine. Construction of
numerous dams in the 1930s split their population
into smaller groups, impeded migration and also had an impact..
 Bengal Tiger

 The largest of the cat family, this fabulous feline is India 's
national animal, symbolic of her rich cornucopia of nature's
marvels.
 One of 5 surviving subspecies of the tiger, the Royal Bengal
requires dense vegetative cover, an adequate supply of large
prey (about 50 deer-size animals are needed to feed one tiger
for a year), and access to a reliable source of water.
 Tigers are extremely adaptable and even adjust
to some contact with humans, so long as
their food supply is assured.
 Poaching (various parts of the tiger's body are used to make
Oriental medicines), a declining prey base, and loss of habitat are
the main threats to its continued survival.
 Launched in 1973-74, when the first ever all India tiger census
revealed the existence of only 1827 tigers (down from 40,000 at the
turn of the century) Project Tiger - aimed at saving this
magnificient species - is one of our most successful conservation
ventures in recent times. Currently, the tiger population is estimated
to be about 3000. 27 reserves are covered by Project Tiger.
 CHIPKO MOVEMENT
 The Chipko movement (literally "to stick" in Hindi)
was a group of female peasants in the Uttarakhand
region of India who acted to prevent the felling of
trees and reclaim their traditional forest rights that
were threatened by the contractor system of the state
Forest Department.
 The movement began in Chamoli district in 1973 and
spread throughout the Uttarakhand Himalayas by the
end of the decade.
 In Tehri district, Chipko activists would go on to
protest limestone mining in the Dehradun hills in the
1980s as well as the Tehri dam, before founding the
Beej Bachao Andolan or Save the Seeds movement
that continues to the present day.
 In Kumaon region, Chipko took on a more radical
hue, combining with the general movement for a
separate Uttarakhand state.
 One of Chipko's most salient features was the mass
participation of women villagers.
 As the backbone of Uttarakhand's agrarian economy,
women were most directly affected by environmental
degradation and deforestation, and thus connected the
issues most easily.
 How much this participation impacted or derived
from the ideology of Chipko, has been fiercely
debated in academic circles.
 Despite this, both female
and male activists did play
pivotal roles in the
movement including
Gaura Devi, Sudesha
Devi, Bachni Devi,
Chandi Prasad Bhatt,
Sundarlal Bahuguna,
Govind Singh Rawat,
Dhoom Singh Negi,
Shamsher Singh Bisht,
and Vandana Shiva.
MYSTERY
 MYSTERY
 Any thing that cannot be explained
scientifically/ technically or by any norms is
called a mystery.
 A major mystery that encountered nowadays is
unidentified flying objects.
 The scientists all over the world are trying to
find out the real cause of the UFO’s.
 A salient features of unidentified flying objects
is given below:
 UFO Sighting Photographed in
Baghdad
 A spectacular photograph of a UFO hovering over
military activity in Baghdad .
 Photographs of this quality are rare among UFO
photographs, but in this particular shot you can clearly
see a disc shaped, metallic object. Upon closer
inspection of the image, it appears that there has been
no manipulation.
 The photo was taken by a US soldier during May of
2006 along Route Jackson in southern Baghdad.
Apparently at the time of taking the photo, he was
completely unaware of the metallic, disc shaped object
hovering above.
 Dozens of witnesses reported a completely
silent object with bright lights flying low and
fast. This was not the beginning of the
sightings, which go back to November 2007,
and in a historic scale, back to the mid-1800s.
Also, this was the beginning of a major UFO
sighting event which reportedly has lasted into
March 2008, albeit the sightings having
"moved south-east ward.“
 On February 16, 2008, two individuals
reported seeing a large, pulsing orb of light
hovering in place above Miramar Air Base.
 UFO reported to have come from the coast
inland near a village called Catalkoy in small
and rapid zigzags, then stopped and hovered
for approximately 30 seconds before making a
smooth ascent at 45 degrees east. Many
witnesses have reported such events to a local
newspaper.
 Many people claimed to see a UFO near
Eastern Metropolitan Bypass (Calcutta). Its
was also recorded by an amateur video
grapher. It was like a ball of light which some
time hovered, sometimes moved very fast and
changed shape and size. The video was
broadcasted in local news channels.
 In 2007 Ten to fifteen UFO's were spotted.
 A group of United Airlines employees,
including pilots, claimed to have seen a
mysterious, saucer-shaped, unlit craft hover
over a Chicago O'Hare Airport terminal before
shooting up through the clouds.
 An object was sighted traveling northeast
during the night until—as described—burst a
blue ring out and split in two. The first piece
continued to fly northeast, while the second
rocketed in the opposite direction, and
disappeared from view.
 An oval orb was observed hovering above a
location in Kent. It then moved off in a
westerly direction.
 An amateur cameraman with a digital camera
captured astounding footage of a UFO passing
behind and above several buildings. Air traffic
was restricted that day except for two
helicopters.
CHILDREN
 CHILD LABOUR
 In India out of the total population of
1,086,640,000 the child population is
391,190,400.
 TOTAL CHILD LABOUR
 14% of children between 5-14 years are
involved in child labour.
 In 2001, the ILO estimated that 11.6 percent of
children aged 10 to 14 years in India were
working.
 CHILDREN OUT OF SCHOOL
 In 2001, there were 20,549,000 out of school
children in the primary school age group of 6-10.
 MEET A CHILD
 8 year old Hari works in a zari unit in Delhi. His
work involves attaching beads and zari to clothes
which are then sold at high prices in the markets.
The beads are small and the work causes eye
strain. But he is paid about Rs.10 a month, if at all.
 He works in a ill-lit small room with many more
children like him.
 All of them eat there and sleep there at nights.
 At summers the temperature is high and they
often suffer from heat boils. They are not
allowed to go out.
 If anybody tries to run away, he/she is beaten
severely.
 CHILD SOLDIERS
 Armed groups were reported to have recruited
children in Jammu and Kashmir and in
localized conflicts in several other states.
 CHILDREN IN UNORGANISED
SECTOR
 Children work under hazardous conditions in a
number of sectors, such as fireworks, stone
quarrying, match, making, silk weaving, lock
making, brick manufacturing, and footwear
and brassware production.
 Children are also found working as domestic
servants and living on the streets.
SPORTS & GAMES
 SPORTS & GAMES
 Sports & games enrich our life.
 A healthy body is essential for a healthy mind
and a healthy mind in turn derives energy
from regular practice of sports & games items.
 By keeping physical fitness through exercises
results in longer life span.
 An idle mind is devils paradise and keeping
mind in a proper form regular exercise is a
must.
JESSE OWENS

BORN ON
SEPTEMBER 12,1913
DIED ON
MARCH 31,1980
 JAMES CLEVELAND JESSE
OWENS
 James Cleveland "Jesse" Owens was an
African American track and field athlete.
 He participated in the 1936 Summer Olympics
in Berlin, Germany, where he achieved
international fame by winning four gold
medals: one each in the 100 meters, the 200
meters, the long jump, and as part of the 4x100
meter relay team.
 James Cleveland Owens was born in Lawrence
County, Alabama, in the Oakville community,
to Henry and Emma Owens.
 Owens was the grandson of a slave and the
son of a sharecropper.
 Owens had taken different jobs in his spare
time: He delivered groceries, loaded freight
cars and worked in a shoe repair shop. During
this period Owens realized that he had a
passion for running.
 Throughout his life Owens attributed the
success of his athletic career to the
encouragement of Charles Riley, his junior-high
track coach at Fairview Junior High, who had
put him on the track team
 Owens first came to national attention when he
was a student of East Technical High School in
Cleveland; he equaled the world record of 9.4
seconds in the 100-yard (91 m) dash and long-
jumped 24 feet 9 ½ inches (7.56 m) at the 1933
National High School Championship in
Chicago
 Owens' greatest achievement came in a span of
45 minutes on May 25, 1935 at the Big Ten
meet in Ann Arbor, Michigan, where he set
three world records and tied a fourth.
 He equaled the world record for the 100 yard
(91 m) sprint (9.4 seconds) and set world
records in the long jump (26 feet 8¼ inches
(8.13 m), a world record that would last 25
years), 220 yard (201 m) sprint (20.7 seconds),
and the 220-yard (200 m) low hurdles (22.6
seconds to become the first person to break 23
seconds).
 In 1936 Owens arrived in Berlin to compete for
the United States in the Summer Olympics.
 Owens surprised many by winning four gold
medals: On August 3, 1936 he won the 100m
sprint, defeating Ralph Metcalfe; on August 4,
the long jump (later crediting friendly and
helpful advice from German competitor Luz
Long); on August 5, the 200m sprint; and, after
he was added to the 4 x 100 m relay team, his
fourth on August 9 (a performance not equaled
until Carl Lewis won gold medals in the same
events at the 1984 Summer Olympics).
THE END