WHAT IS ANGELMAN SYNDROME? Angelman Syndrome is a neurological disease that can cause many neurological and psychological problems including seizures, difficult behaviors, sleep and movement disorders. BACKGROUND/HISTORY In 1965, Harry Angelman, an English pediatrician, reported the clinical findings in three children with similar features of severe learning disability, jerky movements, inability to speak, excessive laughter, and seizures. All three had dysmorphic facial features This condition, originally known as the “Happy Puppet” Syndrome or “Puppet Children”, is now known as Angelman Syndrome It was considered a really rare disorder 1 in 15,000 are born with this disorder WHAT CAUSES ANGELMAN SYNDROME? In 70% of cases, Angelman Syndrome is caused by a deletion of chromosome 15q11-13. The name of this gene is UBE3A. Normally, people inherit one copy of the UBE3A gene from each parent, and both copies become active in most of the body’s tissues. Angelman Syndrome occurs when only one copy of the gene is active in certain areas of the brain. In about 20% of cases, the maternal copy of the UBE3A gene is altered (mutated). 2-3% of cases have uniparental disomy (UPD), which is when a person inherits two copies of chromosome 15 from his or her father (paternal copies) instead of one copy from each parent. Imprinting defects account for 3-5% of patients without deletions or UPD, but with abnormal chromosome 15 methylation, signifying a defect in imprinting. THE 4 CAUSES OF ANGELMAN SYNDROME SIGNS AND SYMPTOMS Infants appear normal at birth but often have feeding problems in the first months of life Developmental delays become noticeable by 6-12 months Seizures often begin between 2-3 years of age Difficulty walking, moving or balancing well Intellectual disability Minimal to no speech Happy, excitable personality Frequent smiling and laughter Hand-flapping movements Hyperactivity and short attention span Trouble going to sleep and usually sleep less than others ANGELMAN FEATURES TREATMENT There is no cure for Angelman Syndrome since chromosomes cannot be repaired. Treatment focuses on the child's medical problems and developmental delays such as: Anticonvulsant medication for seizures Physical therapy to help with joint mobility and movement Speech therapy Occupational therapy Behavior therapy ADOLESCENCE TO ADULTHOOD Most individuals learn to communicate non-verbally or by using technology devices As individuals move from adolescence to adulthood, seizures improve or resolve for most people Sleep tends to improve but is still an issue for many Anxiety tends to worsen after puberty and can lead to difficult behaviors Many teens and adults have frequent twitching in their hands, called myoclonus, which can spread to their arms and the rest of the body. Myoclonus is not seizure activity but can interfere with quality of life and can be treated with medication. VIDEO https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=fqCkEm57YqM WORKS CITED “Angelman Syndrome Information Page.” National Institute of Neurological Disorders and Stroke, U.S. Department of Health and Human Services, 27 Mar. 2019, www.ninds.nih.gov/Disorders/All-Disorders/Angelman- Syndrome-Information-Page. Accessed 12 April 2020. Clayton-Smith, J, and L Laan. “Angelman Syndrome: a Review of the Clinical and Genetic Aspects.” Journal of Medical Genetics, BMJ Publishing Group Ltd, 1 Feb. 2003, jmg.bmj.com/content/40/2/87.full. Accessed 13 April 2020. Ovid Therapeutics. “Life with Angelman Syndrome: Managing Everyday Life | Ovid.” YouTube, uploaded by Ovid Therapeutics, 10 July 2018, https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=fqCkEm57YqM. Accessed 14 April 2020. “Treatments for Angelman Syndrome in Children.” Boston Children's Hospital, Boston Children's Hospital, www.childrenshospital.org/conditions-and- treatments/conditions/a/angelman-syndrome/treatments. Accessed 13 April 2020.
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