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 Partition of india.
• The Partition of India of 1947 was the division of British India[b] into two independent dominion states, the 
Union of India and the Dominion of Pakistan by an Act of the Parliament of the United Kingdom.[3] The Union of India is
today the Republic of India; the Dominion of Pakistan is today the Islamic Republic of Pakistan and the 
People's Republic of Bangladesh. The partition involved the division of two provinces, Bengal and Punjab, based on
district-wise non-Muslim or Muslim majorities. The partition also saw the division of the British Indian Army, the 
Royal Indian Navy, the Indian Civil Service, the railways, and the central treasury. The partition was outlined in the 
Indian Independence Act 1947 and resulted in the dissolution of the British Raj, or Crown rule in India. The two self-
governing countries of India and Pakistan legally came into existence at midnight on 15 August 1947.
• The partition displaced between 10–12 million people along religious lines, creating overwhelming refugee crises in
the newly constituted dominions. There was large-scale violence, with estimates of loss of life accompanying or
preceding the partition disputed and varying between several hundred thousand and two million.The violent nature of
the partition created an atmosphere of hostility and suspicion between India and Pakistan that plagues 
their relationship to the present.
• The term partition of India does not cover the secession of Bangladesh from Pakistan in 1971, nor the earlier
separations of Burma (now Myanmar) and Ceylon (now Sri Lanka) from the administration of British India.[d] The term
also does not cover the political integration of princely states into the two new dominions, nor the disputes of
annexation or division arising in the princely states of Hyderabad, Junagadh, and Jammu and Kashmir, though violence
along religious lines did break out in some princely states at the time of the partition. It does not cover the
incorporation of the enclaves of French India into India during the period 1947–1954, nor the annexation of Goa and
other districts of Portuguese India by India in 1961. Other contemporaneous political entities in the region in 1947, 
Sikkim, Bhutan, Nepal, and the Maldives were unaffected by the partition.
 INDEPENDENCE
• Independence Day is annually celebrated on 15 August, as a national holiday in India
 commemorating the nation's independence from the United Kingdom on 15 August
1947, the day when the UK Parliament passed the Indian Independence Act 1947
 transferring legislative sovereignty to the Indian Constituent Assembly. India still
retained King George VI as head of state until its transition to full republican 
constitution. India attained independence following the Independence Movement
 noted for largely non-violent resistance and civil disobedience.
• Independence coincided with the partition of India, in which the British India was
divided along religious lines into the Dominions of India and Pakistan; the partition
was accompanied by violent riots and mass casualties, and the displacement of nearly
15 million people due to religious violence. On 15 August 1947, the first 
Prime Minister of India, Jawaharlal Nehru raised the Indian national flag above the 
Lahori Gate of the Red Fort in Delhi. On each subsequent Independence Day, the
incumbent Prime Minister customarily raises the flag and gives an address to the
nation.[1] The entire event is broadcast by Doordarshan, India's national broadcaster,
and usually begins with the shehnai music of Ustad Bismillah Khan.
 PARTITION AND INDIPENDENCE
• Millions of Muslim, Sikh and Hindu refugees trekked the newly drawn borders in the months surrounding
independence. In Punjab, where the borders divided the Sikh regions in halves, massive bloodshed followed; in 
Bengal and Bihar, where Mahatma Gandhi's presence assuaged communal tempers, the violence was mitigated.
In all, between 250,000 and 1,000,000 people on both sides of the new borders died in the violence. While the
entire nation was celebrating the Independence Day, Gandhi stayed in Calcutta in an attempt to stem the
carnage.[21] On 14 August 1947, the Independence Day of Pakistan, the new Dominion of Pakistan came into
being; Muhammad Ali Jinnah was sworn in as its first Governor General in Karachi.
• The Constituent Assembly of India met for its fifth session at 11 pm on 14 August in the Constitution Hall in New
Delhi.[22] The session was chaired by the president Rajendra Prasad. In this session, Jawaharlal Nehru delivered
the Tryst with Destiny speech proclaiming India's independence.
• “Long years ago we made a tryst with destiny, and now the time comes when we shall redeem our pledge, not
wholly or in full measure, but very substantially. At the stroke of the midnight hour, when the world sleeps, India
will awake to life and freedom. A moment comes, which comes but rarely in history, when we step out from the
old to the new, when an age ends, and when the soul of a nation, long suppressed, finds utterance. It is fitting
that at this solemn moment, we take the pledge of dedication to the service of India and her people and to the
still larger cause of humanity.”— Tryst with Destiny speech, Jawaharlal Nehru, 15 August 1947[23]The members of
the Assembly formally took the pledge of being in the service of the country. A group of women, representing
the women of India, formally presented the national flag to the assembly.
• The Dominion of India became an independent country as official ceremonies took place in New Delhi. Nehru
assumed office as the first prime minister, and the viceroy, Lord Mountbatten, continued as its first 
governor general.[24]:6 Gandhi's name was invoked by crowds celebrating the occasion; Gandhi himself however
took no part in the official events. Instead, he marked the day with a 24-hour fast, during which he spoke to a
crowd in Calcutta, encouraging peace between Hindus and Muslims.
 WHAT DID PARTITION & INDEPENDENCE MEAN
TO THE PEOPLE OF DELHI?

• Partition of of india 1947 led to a massive

transfer of population, death, chaos on both
sides of borders.
• When the refugees did not find a place to live
in they forced muslims to sell their properties.
• Partition changed the life of migrants and
refugees
• In 1947, due to the Partition, there was a massive transfer of
populations on both sides of the new border. As a result, the
population of Delhi swelled (nearly 500,000 people were added
to Delhi’s population). Delhi became a city of refugees, with
people living in camps, schools, military barracks and gardens.
The riots accompanying the Partition led to the killing of
thousands of people, and the looting and burning of their
houses. Over two-third of the Delhi Muslims migrated, and
almost 44,000 homes were abandoned. Their places were taken
over by Sikh and Hindu refugees from Pakistan. These refugees
were mostly rural landlords, lawyers, teachers, traders and
shopkeepers. After Partition, their lives changed as they took up
new jobs as hawkers, vendors, carpenters and ironsmiths. The
influx of Sikh and Hindu refugee population and the outflow of
the Muslim population changed the social milieu of Delhi. An
urban culture largely based on Urdu was overshadowed by new
tastes and sensibilities, in food, dress and the arts.
• The population of Delhi swelled , the kinds of
jobs people did changed.
• The culture of the city became different.
• Thousands of people were killed and their homes
were looted and burned.
• Refugees roamed , searching for empty houses to
occupy.
• It shattered the economy and life of the people of
Delhi.
 CONCLUSION
• Days before independence and partition, fierce
rioting began . Thousands of people in Delhi were
killed and their homes were looted and burnt. As
streams of Muslims left Delhi for Pakistan , their place
was taken by equally large numbers of Sikhs and
Hindu refugees from Pakistan . Refugees reamed the
streets of shahjanabad searching for empty homes to
occupy . At times they forced Muslims to leave or sell
their properties . Over two - thirds of Delhi Muslims
migrated , almost 44000 homes were abondand.
 N K
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