TABLET COATING

UNDER THE GUIDANCE OF TANIMA MADAM

SAYANIKA KUNDU
ROLL NO : 12401919103
B.PHARMA,2ND YEAR,4TH SEM
GUPTA COLLEGE OF TECHNOLOGICAL SCIENCE, ASANSOL

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 DEFINITION :
A TABLET 22MAKE IT EASIER TO SWALLOW, OR PROTECT THE ACTIVE MEDICATION INSIDE.

PURPOSE OF COATING:
• MASK THE ODOUR,BITTER TASTE OF THE DRUG.
• IMPART COLOR FOR IMPROVE THE PHYSICAL ELEGANCE OF THE TABLET.
• TO INCREASE THE STABILITY BY PROTECTING THE DRUG FROM GASTRIC ENVIRONMENT OF THE STOMACH WITH AN ACID RESISTANT ENTERIC COATING.
• PROVIDES PHYSICAL & CHEMICAL PROTECTION OF DRUG.
• CONTROL & SUSTAIN THE RELEASE OF DRUG FROM THE TABLET.
• IMPROVE DRUG EFFECTIVENESS.
• IMPROVE PATIENT COMPLIANCE.

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TYPES OF TABLET COATING :
A.SUGAR COATING :SUGAR COATING IS DONE BY THE PAN COATING METHOD.IT IS USED
TO MASK THE UNPLEASANT TASTE FLAVORS & TASTES FOR MEDICAMENTS.
 VARIOUS STAGES FOR SUGAR COATING PROCESS:
1.SIEVING: THE TABLETS TO BE COATED ARE SHAKEN IN A SUITABLE SIEVE TO REMOVE THE FINE
POWDER OR BROKEN PIECES OF TABLETS.
2.SEALING: IT IS DONE TO ENSURE THAT OF STARA THIN LAYER OF WATER PROOF MATERIALS e.g
SHELLAC ,CELLULOSE ACETATE PHTHALATE(CAP) IS DEPOSITED ON THE SURFACE OF THE TABLETS.
3.SUBCOATING: IN SUBCOATING SEVERAL COATS & OTHER MATERIALS, SUCH AS GELATIN, ACACIA ETC
ARE GIVEN TO ROUND OFF TABLETS & TO HELP IN BUILDING UP THE TABLET SIZE.
TALC MAY BE ADDED AFTER PARTIAL DRYING TO PREVENT STICKING OF THE TABLETS TOGETHER.
4.SYRUP COATING :IT IS DONE TO GIVE SUGAR COATS,OPACITY & COLOUR TO THE
TABLETS.COLOURING AGENT & OPACIFYING AGENTS ARE ALSO ADDED TO THE SYRUP.THE COATING
PROCESS IS REPEATED UNTIL UNIFORM COLOURED TABLETS ARE OBTAINED.
5.FINISHING:THREE TO FOUR COATS OF SYRUP ARE APPLIED IN RAPID SUCCESSION WITHOUT DUSTING
POWDER & COLD AIR IS CIRCULATED TO DRY EACH COAT.THIS FORMS A HARD SMOOTH COAT. 3
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• 6.POLISHING:TO ENHANCE GLOSSINESS, BEESWAX,CARNUABA WAX ARE APPLIED.THE
POLISHING PAN IS ROATED AT A SUITABLE SPEED SO THAT THE WAX COATED TABLETS ARE
RUBBED ON THE CANVAS CLOTH.THIS GIVES A PROPER SHINING TO THE TABLETS.

B.FILM COATING:THE TABLETS ARE COATED BY SINGLE OR MIXTURE OF FILM

FORMING POLYMERS SUCH AS HYDROXYPROPYL METHYL CELLULOSE, HYDROXYETHYL
METHYL CELLULOSE, CARBOWAX, POLYETHYLENE GLYCOL 400 ETC. THE POLYMER IS
DISSOLVED IN SOME VOLATILE ORGANIC & IS SPRAYED OVER THE TABLETS IN A ROTATING
PAN .THE PROCESS IS CONTINUED UNTIL A UNIFORM GOOD FILM IS FORMED OVER THE TABLETS.
FILM COATING IS USED TO MAKE THE TABLETS WATER PROOF BEFORE THE SUGAR
COATING. FILM COATING MAY BE ENTERIC OR NON ENTERIC .
ADVANTAGE: 1.LESS TIME CONSUMING TECHNIQUE. 2.NO ADR EFFECT ON DISINTEGRATION OF
TABLETS.3. NOT MUCH LABOR IS REQUIRED.4.PRODUCT COST IS LOW BECAUSE THE COATING
MATERIAL IS QUITE CHEAP.5. PROTECTS THE DRUG FROM ATMOSPHERIC CHANGES.6.COATING IS
RESISTANT TO CRACKING & CHIPPING.7.IT DOESN’T INCREASE THE WEIGHT OF THE
TABLETS.8.TABLETS BECOME ELEGANT. 05/26/2020 4
C.ENTERIC COATING: ENTERIC COATING IS GIVEN TO THE TABLETS IN
ODOR TO ENSURE THAT THESE TABLETS WILL NOT DISINTEGRATE IN THE
STOMACH BUT PASS THROUGH IT AS THEY ARE. SUCH TABLETS GET
DISINTEGRATED IN THE INTESTINES. SALOL,CELLULOSE ACETATE
PHTHALATE,SHELLAC & ITS DERIVATIVES ARE USED IN ENTERIC COATING.
• REASONS OF ENTERIC COATING:
 MEDICAMENTS PRODUCE SEVERE IRRITATION IN THE STOMACH .
 THE ACTION OF MEDICAMENT IS REQUIRED IN THE INTESTINE . e.g.
ANTHELMINTIC & AMOEBICIDES ARE REQUIRED TO BE ABSORBEDFROM
INTESTINE TO GIVE THE MAXIMUM EFFECT AT THE SITE OF PARASITIC WORMS
& PROTOZOA.
 MEDICAMENTS GET DECOMPOSED BY THE ACIDIC MEDIUM OF THE
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STOMACH.
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 DRUG ABSORPTION IS BETTER IN INTESTINE.

• PROBLEM OF COATED TABLET:
• 1.STICKING & PICKING: 'STICKING’ REFERS TO THE TABLET MATERIAL ADHERING TO THE DIE
WALL.
• ‘PICKING’ IS THE TERM USED WHEN A SMALL AMOUNT OF MATERIAL FROM A TABLET IS
STICKING TO AND BEING REMOVED OFF FROM THE TABLET-SURFACE BY A PUNCH FACE.

• 2.ORANGE PEEL: IT IS SURFACE DEFECT RESULTING IN THE FILM BEING ROUGH

AND NONGLOSSY. APPEARANCE IS SIMILAR TO THAT OF AN ORANGE.
• 3.COLOR VARIATION: A DEFECT WHICH INVOLVES VARIATION IN COLOR OF THE FILM.
• 4.CRACKING : SMALL, FINE CRACKS OBSERVED ON THE UPPER AND LOWER CENTRAL SURFACE
OF TABLETS, OR VERY RARELY ON THE SIDEWALL ARE REFERRED TO AS ‘CRACKS’.
• 5.CAPPING:WHEN THE UPPER OR LOWER SEGMENT OF THE TABLET SEPARATES HORIZONTALLY,
EITHER PARTIALLY OR COMPLETELY FROM THE MAIN BODY OF A TABLET
• 6.LAMINATION: ‘LAMINATION’ IS THE SEPARATION OF A TABLET INTO TWO OR MORE DISTINCT
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HORIZONTAL LAYERS.
THANK YOU
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