LEADERSHIP

1. Which among the following is not true

between Leaders and Managers?
A. Managers are rational solvers while leaders are visionary
B. Leaders are concerned with results while managers are
concerned with efficiency of results
C. Leaders are optimistic while managers are pessimists
D. Leaders powers were obtained from below while
managers obtain power from above
1. Which among the following is not true
between Leaders and Managers?
A. Managers are rational solvers while leaders are visionary (True)
B. Leaders are concerned with results while managers are
concerned with efficiency of results (True)
C. Leaders are optimistic while managers are pessimists
D. Leaders powers were obtained from below while managers
obtain power from above (True)
What Do Managers Do?

 A manager is the member of an organization with the

responsibility of carrying out the four important functions of
management: planning, organizing, leading, and controlling.
 Managerial duties are usually a formal part of a job
description; subordinates follow as a result of the
professional title or designation. 
 A manager’s chief focus is to meet organizational goals
and objectives.
What Do Leaders Do?

 Leaders don’t necessarily hold or occupy a management

position. Simply put, a leader doesn’t have to be an
authority figure in the organization; a leader can be anyone.
 Unlike managers, leaders are followed because of their
personality, behavior, and beliefs.
 There isn’t always tangible or formal power that a leader
possesses over his followers. Temporary power is awarded
to a leader and can be conditional based on the ability of
the leader to continually inspire and motivate their
followers.
What is Leadership?

 The process of Guiding and directing the behavior of

people in the organization in order to achieve certain
objectives.
 Also spells the difference between success and failure in
terms of competitive situations
 Primary role is to influence others to seek defined
objectives enthusiastically
What Are The Traits A Leader Possesses?
Vision:
 A leader knows where they stand, where they want to go and tend to
involve the team in charting a future path and direction.

Honesty and Integrity:

 Leaders have people who believe them and walk by their side down the
path the leader sets.

Inspiration:
 Leaders are usually inspirational—and help their team understand their
own roles in a bigger context.
What Are The Traits A Leader Possesses?

Communication Skills:
 Leaders always keep their team informed about what’s happening, both
present and the future—along with any obstacles that stand in their
way.

Ability to Challenge:
 Leaders are those that challenge the status quo. They have their style
of doing things and problem-solving and are usually the ones who think
outside the box.
Leadership Theories
2. This type of Leaders have high consideration, act in warm
and supportive manner and show concern for their subordinates
and believed that employees are intrinsically motivated.

A. Theory W Leaders
B. Theory X Leaders
C. Theory Y Leaders
D. Theory Z Leaders
2. This type of Leaders have high consideration, act in warm
and supportive manner and show concern for their subordinates
and believed that employees are intrinsically motivated.

A. Theory W Leaders
B. Theory X Leaders
C. Theory Y Leaders
D. Theory Z Leaders
Task vs. Person Orientation
Person-Oriented Leaders (Theory Y Leaders)
 High in consideration act in warm and supportive manner and show
concern for their subordinates
 Believed that employees are intrinsically motivated, seek responsibility
and self-controlled and do not necessarily dislike work
 Work can be as natural as play if the conditions are favorable.
 Tend to appreciate humor

By Douglas Mc Gregor
Task vs. Person Orientation
Task-Oriented Leaders (Theory X Leaders)
 High in initiating structure, define and structure their own rules and those of
their subordinates to attain the group’s formal goals
 Sees employees as lazy, extrinsically motivated, wanting security,
undisciplined and shirking responsibility
 Theory X assumes that the primary source of employee motivation is
monetary, with security as a strong second. 
 One can take a hard or soft approach to getting results. The hard approach to
motivation relies on coercion, implicit threats, micromanagement, and tight
controls— essentially an environment of command and control. The soft
approach, however, is to be permissive and seek harmony in the hopes that, in
return, employees will cooperate when asked.

By Douglas Mc Gregor
Task vs. Person Orientation
Theory Z Leaders (Japanese Style of Leadership)
 stresses the need to help workers become generalists, rather than
specialists. It views job rotations and continual training as a means of
increasing employees’ knowledge of the company and its processes
while building a variety of skills and abilities. 
 Since workers are given much more time to receive training, rotate
through jobs, and master the intricacies of the company’s operations,
promotions tend to be slower.
 The rationale for the drawn-out time frame is that it helps develop a
more dedicated, loyal, and permanent workforce, which benefits the
company; the employees, meanwhile, have the opportunity to fully
develop their careers at one company. 

By William Ouchi
3. According to the Organizational Climate or
IMPACT Theory, this is a style of leadership on
which the leader has influence because of his or
her charismatic personality and known to be most
effective in climate of despair:
A. AFFILIATION STYLE
B. TACTICAL STYLE
C. MAGNETIC STYLE
D. COERCIVE STYLE
3. According to the Organizational Climate or
IMPACT Theory, this is a style of leadership on
which the leader has influence because of his or
her charismatic personality and known to be most
effective in climate of despair:
A. AFFILIATION STYLE
B. TACTICAL STYLE
C. MAGNETIC STYLE
D. COERCIVE STYLE
 6 TYPES OF LEADER’S BEHAVIORAL
STYLES
1. Information Style
 Provides information in a climate of ignorance, where
important information is missing from the group
2. Magnetic Style
 The leader has influence because of his charismatic
personality which is most effective in climate of despair
3. Position Style
 The leader influence others by virtue of their appointed or
elected authority and effective in climate of instability
By Geier Downey & Johnson (1980)
 6 TYPES OF LEADER’S BEHAVIORAL
STYLES
4. Affiliation Style
 The individual leads by caring others and that is most
effective in a climate of anxiety
5. Coercive Style
 The individual leads by controlling reward and punishment
which is most effective in a climate of crisis
6. Tactical Style
 The individual leads through organization and strategy
which is most effective in a climate of disorganization
4. This leadership approach should be used if
the subordinate is unable to perform the task
but is willing to learn and is confident.
A. Directing
B. Coaching
C. Supporting
D. Delegating
4. This leadership approach should be used if
the subordinate is unable to perform the task
but is willing to learn and is confident.
A. Directing
B. Coaching
C. Supporting
D. Delegating
 SITUATIONAL LEADERSHIP THEORY
APPROACH
Effective leaders must adapt their styles of leadership to fit
both the situation and the followers

1. Directing
 Directs the follower by telling him what to do and how to do it;
 Unable, unwilling or insecure

2. Coaching
 Explain and clarify how work should be done
 Unable but willing and confident
 SITUATIONAL LEADERSHIP THEORY
APPROACH
3. Supporting
 The followers already know what to do but are not sure
whether they want to do it
 Able but unwilling or insecure

4. Delegating
 Followers are able and willing or confident to perform the
task
TYPES OF LEADERSHIP
5. This type of Leadership takes the ultimate control
of taking decisions without consulting others.

A. Bureaucratic Leadership
B. Charismatic Leadership
C. Laissez-Faire Leadership
D. Autocratic Leadership
5. This type of Leadership takes the ultimate control
of taking decisions without consulting others.

A. Bureaucratic Leadership
B. Charismatic Leadership
C. Laissez-Faire Leadership
D. Autocratic Leadership
Types of Leadership
1. Autocratic Leadership
 As the name implies, this leadership style is one person in control of
everything. This person makes the decisions, and that is final. Also,
there is no input from other people in decision making.
 While this can be great in times of crises, or when there are safety
concerns of the employees, it may not always be the best because your
employees will feel devalued and look for work somewhere else.
 This type of leadership is best-applied to circumstances where there is
little or no time for group decision-making or where the leader is the
most informed or knowledgeable member of the group.
Types of Leadership
2. Laissez-Faire Leadership
 This leader is NOT directly involved in decision making and
puts a lot of trust into the team. The leader with this style
will know what’s going and gives feedback when needed.
 Laissez-faire is French, and it means “hands-off.” One
positive feature for this style of leadership is your
employees feel appreciated and confident that they can
make good decisions.
 One downside of this style, employees may take your
hands off approach too far and begin slack off or take
advantage of your approach.
Types of Leadership
3. Pace-Setter Leadership
 Just like the pace car in a race, a pace setter leader is one
that sets the bar high and expects work to be done fast and
right. This is perfect for highly energized professionals who
know what they are doing and are driven to succeed.
 The biggest downside to this style is that some employees,
no matter how driven, can become over-stressed and
burned out.
 This is a leadership style that will work the best when
introducing an exciting new product or service to the world.
Types of Leadership

4. Democratic Leadership
 Democratic Leadership is the middle ground between
Laissez-faire and Autocratic. This leader will listen to others’
opinions but will make the final decision.
 The leader still is very involved in day to day activities but
will allow for more creative thinking to flourish. The
downside of this style is when a decision has to be made
right away.
Types of Leadership
5. Servant Leadership
 In this style, the leader is second to the employees. This
model follows a people or idea first premise. The leader
highlights the individual or the team as opposed to him or
herself.
 This is one of the best styles for nonprofit or other
humanitarian business because the people are as
important as the mission.
 This type is also good to use when the team is suffering
from low morale.
Types of Leadership
6. Transformational Leadership
 This type have a vision and share it with his team to get
them excited about his vision
 This leader is self-aware, authentic, empathetic and
humble. These leaders want everyone to succeed and
accomplish the shared vision.
 And when people feel they are sharing in something great,
they will make every effort to be the best and do the best
work.
Types of Leadership
7. Transactional Leadership
 Transactional Leadership is a reward/punishment model.
Example :
If one of the team members sells the most cars in one month,
he or she will be rewarded with a gift card to their favorite
restaurant.
On the other hand there is the punishment side such as if
someone doesn’t sell their quota, they could lose working
hours, be demoted or other punishments.
 This leadership style may inspire some to do better
because something they want is on the line. Yet, this
leadership may also lower morale because of the
punishments.
Types of Leadership

8. Charismatic Leadership
 This is a leadership style that comes with a personality that
people just love.  These leaders inspire, motivate and
energize the team.
 This style may increase team morale and success
References:

 https://aboutleaders.com/8-leadership-styles-one/#gs.5lxofq
 https://online.stu.edu/articles/education/what-is-situational-leadership.aspx
 https://
www.go2hr.ca/retention-engagement/understanding-the-differences-leadership-
vs-management
 https://www.projectmanager.com/training/leadership-vs-management
 https://www.simplilearn.com/leadership-vs-management-difference-article