Health Promotion Planning

and Evaluation
(HEP-533)

Toya Nath Pahadi

Mid-Western University
Faculty Of Education
Bageshwary Multiple Campus
Kohalpur
Unit Two: Planning Process

Assessing Need
 Need Assessment
A needs assessment, in the more narrowly
defined, traditional sense, is a means by which to
determine the gaps, lacks, and wants relative to
a defined population and to define a specific
health problem.
A needs assessment is a systematic process for
determining and addressing needs, or "gaps"
between current conditions and desired
conditions or "wants".

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 Need Assessment
A needs assessment is done to answer the
question, “What health problems exist, and
to what extent?”

A needs assessment provides health-related

information that enables planners to gauge
the priorities to be given to specific health
problems.

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 Health Need Assessment
• Health needs assessment (HNA) is an essential
tool to inform service planning, and can
be defined as a systematic method of identifying
the unmet health and healthcare needs of a
population, and making changes to meet those
unmet needs.
• Health needs assessment is a systematic method
for reviewing the health issues facing a
population, leading to agreed priorities and
resource allocation that will improve health and
reduce inequalities.

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 Types and Nature of Health Need

Bradshaw, 1972

Perceived/Felt need
Expressed need
Normative need
Comparative or relative need

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 Expressed Need
Expressed need is the problem revealed
through healthcare-seeking behavior.
Needs which are expressed by members of
community as demand and action

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 Normative Need
Normative need is a lack, deficit or
inadequacy as defined by experts and health
professionals, usually based on a scientific
notion of what ought to be or what the ideal
is from a health perspective.
Needs of community which are defined by
experts or professional group based on
certain norms and standards set by
themselves.
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 Perceived/Felt need
Perceived/Felt need, which is the felt lack as
experienced by the target audience.
Needs which are perceived and defined by
members of community, clients, patients,
relatives or service users

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 Comparative or Relative Need
Comparative or relative need is the identified
gap or deficit as identified through a
comparison between advantaged and
disadvantaged groups.
Needs that emerge when one community
lacks services or fall shorts of an established
standard in comparison to another
community

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 Methods of Need Assessment
Rapid assessment and appraisals
Community Survey

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 Rapid Assessment and Appraisals
Public meetings
Focus groups
Meeting with existing user and careers groups (e.g. breast
cancer support group, cares of relatives with dementia)
Meeting with existing community groups (local tenants, youth
clubs)
Questionnaires
Interviews
Using the media
Using local people to find out
 Citizens’ panels

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 Community Survey

Types:
Census/ Total household survey
Sample survey
Tools:
Interview schedule
Questionnaire
Observation checklist
Sources of Data:
Primary Sources: Person, place, document, etc.
Secondary Sources: Reports and documents
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 Conducting Need Assessment

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 Prioritization of Health Needs
Criteria (Score between 1 & 5) HN-1 HN-2 HN-3
Prevalence 3 5 4
Severity 4 3 5
Importance (Impact/Effectiveness) 3 3 3
Changeability 4 5 3
Acceptability (Political, legal, community) 5 5 3
Relevance (Priority by government & 3 5 4
stakeholders)
Resource feasibility 4 4 3
Avoidance of Duplication 3 5 3
Expertise to address the problem 4 3
Total Score 30 39 31

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 Making community profiling
1. Characteristics of the population
 Geography
 Numbers
 Age distribution
 Gender distribution
 Ethnicity and religion
 Population trends
 Language and literacy

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 Making community profiling
2. Health status of the population
Measures of health, for example:
Mortality
 Morbidity
Disability
Communicable diseases
Low birth weights
Breast feeding rates
 Uptake of preventive services
Immunization rates
Health behaviours, e.g. Smoking
Health service use

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 Making community profiling
3. Local factors affecting health (positive and
negative)
Work and employment
 Poverty and incomes
 Environment
Social cohesion
Destabilizing factors
Resources, formal and informal

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 Making community profiling

4. The health concerns and priorities of the

local community
5. Local and national priorities

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