Lesson Objectives

1) Re-Cap on last lesson

2) Evidence

3) Identifying the evidence supporting the Big Bang theory

Recap Big Bang
Singularity

How can the universe be compared to a sandwich?

Age of the Universe

What happened following the Big Bang?

Balloon activity
Has the Big Bang theory always been
accepted?

Three conflicting Theory's

The Steady State Theory vs The Big Bang Theory vs Religion

Steady state vs Big Bang
Steady State Theory
Proposed in 1948, by Fred Hoyle

There was no beginning to the universe, it always existed

Galaxies are continually moving away from each other

In extra space left between the galaxies, new stars and galaxies are created

These new stars and galaxies replace those that move away so that the universe
always looks the same
Evidence Supporting Big Bang
http://
www.universetoday.com/106498/what-is-the-evidence-for-the-big-ban
g/
Evidence Supporting Big Bang

1. Red Shift

2. Microwave background

3. Mixture of elements
Doppler effect
The Change of pitch that results from a source of sound approaching or
moving away.
Edwin Hubble b.1889 - 1953
Suggested that the universe is expanding

Numerous distant, faint clouds of light in the universe were actually entire
galaxies—much like our own Milky Way

In 1929, Hubble determined that the farther a galaxy is from Earth, the faster
it appears to move away

He used the principles of the Doppler effect / The Red Shift to explain how
stars are constantly moving away from one another
Red Shift
Red light is like low frequency and long wave lengths seen in the
Doppler effect

Blue light is similar to high frequency and short wavelengths

Microwave Radiation
IN 1964 two scientists (Arno Penzias & Robert Wilson) accidently heard
the Big Bang!!

They were working on a large communications tower and were

troubled by a persistent hiss
At the same time George Gamow postulated that if you look into deep
space you can see left over cosmic background radiation

So, by accident Penzias and Wilson could ‘see’ the first photons, the
most ancient light in the universe (microwaves)
The Elements
The amounts of Hydrogen (H), Helium (He) in the universe support the
Big Bang Theory

Early in the Big Bang there was only Hydrogen compressed, with high
heat. The universe was like the core of a star

The ratios of H and He exactly match what you would expect if the
universe had once been a really big star
Albert Einstein b. 1879 - 1955

E = mc²
E = energy in joules

M = mass in kilograms

C = Light in meters per second

Activity

• 5 questions from video

• What does Eisenstein's famous equation have to do with the Big Bang
theory?

• How did steady state theory explain that the universe was expanding, yet
remained the same

• List, and explaine three major pieces of evidence that supported the Big
bang theory
Glossary of Terms
Microwave Radiation The Doppler Effect

Steady State Theory

The Red Shift

Edwin Hubble