Rural Society

&
Inclusiveness Issues
 Rural Society
• Rural society means society that lives in
village, and is dependent on natural
environment.
• These societies have a low density of
population, intimate group relationship and
rich in culture and tradition.
• They are socio-economically
less developed.
 Rural Society
• Characteristics:
– Agriculture is the predominant occupation.
– Traditionally, their economy is based on
agriculture having primitive technology.
 Rural Society
• Characteristics:
– Small geographical area with lower density of
population.
– Primary group behavior i.e. face to face relationship
among villagers.
– Mostly they live in joint family.
– More traditional.
– Homogeneous in nature.
– Largely based on caste system, with hierarchical base.
– Group feeling and mutual cooperation.
 Issues in Rural Society
• Poverty
• Electricity
• Pure drinking water
• Caste system
• Education system
• Female foeticide
• Transport
• Child Labour
• Agriculture: access to market
 Social Inclusiveness (समावेशी)
• Social inclusion is a process by which efforts are
made to ensure equal opportunities for all.
• “Social inclusion is the removal of institutional
barriers and the enhancement of incentive to
increase the access of diverse individual and groups
to development opportunities.”-World Bank.
 Social Inclusiveness (समावेशी)
• Social inclusion is a process to ensure the
participation and control on mainstream of
the politics in every sector by all (caste,
religion, sex community).
• In simple word, social inclusion aims
enhancing equal sharing of power, resources
& opportunities by all.
 Social Inclusiveness (समावेशी)
• Importance
– Social Justice and Gender Equality.
– Institutionalization of Democracy.
– To develop the country.
– To minimize class conflict.
– To maintain the feeling of ‘My Nation’ for all.
– Sustainable Peace.
– Social Integrity.
– Equal Opportunity.
– Empowerment
 Social Inclusiveness (समावेशी)
• Areas of Social Inclusion
– Executive
– Legislative
– Judiciary
– Institutional Bodies
– Local Agencies
– Public Services
 Social Inclusiveness (समावेशी)
• Dimensions of Social Inclusion
– Legal: Laws should be enacted in order to ensure social
inclusion.
– Political: Political parties should ensure the equal
participation of all in the mainstream politics.
– Social / Cultural; Society should eradicate the traditional
practices that are evil to the social transformation.
– Economic: Government policies and program should
focus on the poverty alleviation & inclusive economic
activities.
 Social Inclusiveness (समावेशी)
• Positive Discrimination
– Positive Discrimination means making sure that
people such as women, members of smaller racial
groups, and people with disabilities get a fair
share of the opportunities available.
equality through equity
– Example: Reservation.