Presentations

Presentations 101
Oral Presentation
Oral Presentation
 Oral Presentation

PRESENTATION
PRESENTATION
Oral Presentation
Case Study:
• Ted Bundy
• Dexter Morgan
• Sukarno
 Presentation Purposes
Why do we need to it?
• To motivate or entertain
• To inform or analyze
• To persuade or collaborate
• To build & enhance relationships
 Presentation Purposes
To motivate or entertain
• You do most of the talking
• Very limited audience interaction
• Speech is much more controlled
 Presentation Purposes
To inform or analyze
• You do most of the talking
• Audience interaction are most welcomed –
feedback, comments, suggestions
 Presentation Purposes
To persuade or collaborate
• You initiate the discussion by enlightening
the audience on the issue/problem at hand
• Have the highest audience interaction –
express needs, suggesting solutions,
formulating conclusions & recommendation
• Very little control
 Presentation Purposes
To build and enhance relationships
• Mixture of entertain, persuasion &
collaboration
• Main goal – to build good rapport so
future communication will occur better
and more frequent
Planning Your Presentation

• Presentation = A Game
 Planning Your Presentation
• Planning oral message = planning written
message

Different stages of development:

• Establishing main idea, audience analysis,
organizing an outline, estimating length
 Establishing Main Idea
• Focus on the BIG PICTURE
• What do you want to share?
• Find a one sentence generalization that
links your presentation topic to the
audience
 Audience
• Very important in presentation approach
• Demographics, background & numbers are
some of the factors that play an integral
part in presentation approach
• Always make them your presentation
lifeline – see things the way the see it (or
try)
 Audience
General considerations when planning a
presentation:
• Formal or casual?
• Visual aids or none?
• Activities or none?
 Organizing an Outline
• Outlines are like battle plans
• Show progress of presentation
• Usually in point form – a simplified yet
organized walkthrough of the presentation
• NEVER PRESENT WITHOUT AN
OUTLINE
 Organizing an Outline
• Direct & Indirect order
• To entertain – use a direct order imposed
naturally by subject
• To analyze, persuade, collaborate –
organize materials around your
conclusions or logical argument (indirect)
 Organizing an Outline
• If audience is receptive, use direct order
• If audience is expected to resist, use
indirect order

* Remember, SIMPLICITY always wins

hearts & support in a presentation
 Estimating Length
• Most presentations are often strictly
regulated – timed to suit event & audience
• Time planning is vital as it also affects
message delivery
• Too long or too fast – message will not be
delivered properly
 Estimating Length
FACTS:
• Average speaker delivers 125-150 w.p.m.
or (7500-9000 w.p.h.)
• Similar to 20-25 pages of double-spaced
text
• As a paragraph is around 125-150 words,
most of us can speak at a rate of one
paragraph a minute
 Estimating Length
• Example:
10 Minute Speech
Minimum 10 paragraphs
2 minutes for introduction & conclusion
6 minutes of points deliberation
2 minutes of audience interaction
 Estimating Length
• Example:
1 Hour Speech
Minimum 125 paragraphs
5 minutes of rapport building
5 minutes for introduction
30-40 minutes of points deliberation
5-10 minutes of audience interaction
5 minutes for conclusion
 The Presentation
How do you start a presentation?
• Startling statement
• An anecdote or narration
• Questions
• Quotations
• Humor
The Presentation
Case Study
• Josh Blue
• Mark Gungor
Nervous?
 Presentation Tips & Tricks
Dealing with Nervousness
• Be prepared
• Have proper notes which can be easily
read
• Take several deep breaths before you get
up to speak
 Presentation Tips & Tricks
Dealing with Nervousness
• Never regard the audience as your enemy
• Pause and look at the friendlier members
of your audience
• Avoid alcoholic beverages
 Presentation Tips & Tricks
Dealing with Nervousness
• Concentrate on communicating well and
putting message across
• Do not become a different personality
• Use body energy in strong gestures and
movement
 REMEMBER!

PRACTICE!
PRACTICE!!
PRACTICE!!!
Practice really does make perfect!
 Presentation Tips & Tricks
Using Eye Contact
• Look directly at people
• Can establish one-on-one contact with
others
• Enables speaker to be more conscious of
feedback
 Presentation Tips & Tricks
Developing a Good Speaking Voice
• Talk loudly enough so that people can
hear you
• Enunciate - use tongue and lips
• Reduce the number of uhs and errs by
practising your talk
• Vary your volume, pitch and speed
• Sound energetic, enthusiastic &
passionate
 Presentation Tips & Tricks
Standing and Gesturing
• Stand with feet far enough apart for good
balance
• You can walk if you want to
• Build on natural style for gestures
 Presentation Tips & Tricks
Notes and Visuals
• You won’t need notes if you’re very
familiar with topic
• Put notes on small pieces of cards or
paper
• Use long phrases, NEVER use complete
sentences
 Presentation Tips & Tricks
Notes and Visuals
• Avoid looking at your notes all the time
READING IS NOT PRESENTING!
 Presentation Tips & Tricks
Handling Questions
• Prepare for questions that may be asked
• Rephrase if question is hostile or biased
• If you do not know the answer, say so!
• End of question period, summarize your
main point once more
 Presentation Tips & Tricks
Group Presentations
• Plan carefully
• Aim - involve ALL members of the group
by dividing the topic into individual
sections
• One member should do the introduction &
summary/conclusion
 Presentation Tips & Tricks
Before Group Presentations
• Plan transitions
• Enforce time limits strictly
• Coordinate & create your visuals together
• Practice presentation as a group
 Presentation Tips & Tricks
During Group Presentations
• Introduce each member to the audience
• Pay attention to each other
• During question period, each member
answers questions related to their topic
BREAK!
Presentations
Visual Aids
Visual Aids?
 Visual Aids
• It is ALWAYS OPTIONAL
• Only used when words cannot explain a
point clearly
 Visual Aids
• It istoalways
When optional
use Visual Aids:
To find & show relationships
To ensure ideas are presented completely
To make points vivid
To emphasize material
To present material more compactly and
with less repetition
 Designing Visuals
When designing visual aids, follow these
criterion:
• Check the source of the data
• Determine the story you want to tell
• Choose the right visual for the story
• Follow the convections for designing
typical visuals
 Designing Visuals
When designing visual aids, follow these
criterion:
• Use color and decoration with restraint
• Be sure the visual is accurate and ethical
 Check Source of Data
• Make sure reliable source, reliable data
• Check assumptions used in analyzing data
• Identify exactly what the data measures
Determine the Story You Want to Tell
• Every visual should tell a story
 Power Point Slides
• Can be an amazing aid in oral
presentations if used effectively
 Power Point Slides
• Power POINT, not Power SENTENCES
• Synthesize ideas, use points as ‘anchor’
• KISS – Less is More
• Color Co-ordination
• Message Competition
 Power Point Slides
• Avoid Cut & Paste
• Try to reserve one major idea per slide
• Be aware of your surroundings (slide color
& room lighting)
• Avoid using PowerPoint for the sake of
using PowerPoint
• Use “B” & “W”
 Conclusion
• Presentation takes preparation
• Visual aids are optional
• Many different types and all with specific
purposes