 Positive

 Immunisation, park
 Negative
 Polluting the environment
 Central question
 Ecology versus economy
 Do environmental protection measures by
business (in response to regulation) lead to higher
costs and reduced competitiveness?
 Self-regulation/ voluntary measures by business
 Collective action/ civil society response
 Bishnoi community in Rajasthan
 Chipko movement led by Sunderlal Bahuguna in
1970s
 Narmada Bachao Aandolan
 Governmental regulation/ public policy
 Ability to meet the needs of the present without
compromising the ability of future generations to
meet their own needs.
 Three pillars of sustainability
 Economic: maintain profitability in the long term
 Ecological: protect the natural environment
 Social/ ethical: say no to child labour, do not defraud
investors, do not mistreat employees, do not deceive
customers, do not exploit suppliers.
 Financial
 Ecological
 Ethical
 3 Ps of sustainable business
 Profit
 Planet
 People
 Resource productivity
 Biomimicry
 Service and flow economy
 Invest in natural capital
 Reduce wastage
 Efficient use of natural resources and energy or eco-
efficiency
 Properly designed environmental standards can
trigger innovations that lower the total cost of a
product or improve its value.
 Such innovations allow companies to use inputs (raw
material, energy, labour) more productively
 Resource efficient transportation
 Contamination of soil and groundwater with
pesticides, fertilisers
 Strict regulation on the release of chemicals
  Development of a closed loop system
• Flowers grow in greenhouses in water and rock
wool, not soil
• Fertilisers and pesticides are delivered in the water
that circulates and is re-used
• Closely monitored growing conditions
• Handling cost low as flowers grown on specially
designed platforms
•  lower environmental impact and lower costs,
better product quality, enhanced competitiveness
 Redesign industrial processes to mimic biological
processes through re-use of materials and
elimination of waste.
 Benign emissions
 Use of renewable energy
 Redesign commerce
 Delivery of service and value and not material
 Creation of value by providing services rather
than selling products.
 Renting of light bulbs, carpeting, ACs, photocopiers
 Replenishing natural resources
 Sensitivity hook-up
 Create a community in and around the company that
understands the functioning of natural systems and the
company’s impact on them
 Accepting responsibility for the entire life cycle
of the product