ABSTRACT

Haris Fadhillah
 ABSTRACT
• Short Summary
• Executive Summary

• Promotion
• Motivation
 ABSTRACT

•Descriptive

•Informative
 Descriptive Abstract
• or indicative abstract, identifies the contents
of the research or the basic subject of the
article, demonstrating the paper’s
organization without providing results or
conclusions. Thus, it is not very informative.
This type of abstract is always very short,
usually under 100 words; and it is useful for a
long report.
 Informative Abstract
• also known simply as a summary, gives the
principal argument and summarizes the
principal data, providing the reader with an
overview of the objectives, methods, results
and conclusions of the study.
• Note: "structured abstract“ is a subtype of the
informative abstract which has more than one
paragraph.
 ABSTRACT
• an abstract should provide answers for the
following questions:
• What and why.
• What you found.
• How you did it.
 ABSTRACT
• First, let us see some opening sentences that DO
NOT offer real information:
• This paper reports on a method for...
• The paper explores the notions of...
• The purpose of our research is to consider how...
• The objective of this study is to determine...
• Thus, it is clear that you should avoid writing a
statement of scope.
 ABSTRACT
• good introductory statements goes directly into the subject.
They give something to the reader.
• The development process of hypermedia and web systems
poses very specific problems that do not appear in other
software applications, such as…
• Given a large set of data, a common data mining problem is
to extract the frequent patterns occurring in this set.
• According to many recent studies the effect of learning style
on academic performance has been found to be significant
and mismatch between teaching and learning styles causes
learning failure and frustration.
Do’s and don’ts of abstract writing
• Do write a single paragraph.
• Do meet the specific word length.
• Do answer the questions: what, why, and how.
• Do use familiar language to the reader.
• Do use a few keywords.
• Do write short sentences.
Do’s and don’ts of abstract writing
• Do improve transitions between the
sentences.
• Do use active voice.
• Do use third person singular.
• Do begin with a clear introductory statement
written in the present tense.
• Do use past tense in the main body.
Do’s and don’ts of abstract writing
• Do write a concluding statement in the
present tense: just tells what the results mean
(e.g. "These results suggest...").
• Do fix grammar.
• Do use headings, subheadings and tables as a
guide for writing.
• Do print and reread the abstract.
Do’s and don’ts of abstract writing
• Don't cite the sections of the paper.
• Don’t include references to the literature and
to figures and tables.
• Don’t use abbreviations.
• Don’t add new information.
Do’s and don’ts of abstract writing
• Don't add superfluous information.
• Don’t add opinions.
• Don’t repeat information.
• Don’t repeat the article title.
 HOW TO WRITE ABSTRACT
• 1) Motivation/problem
statement: Why do we care about
the problem? What practical,
scientific, theoretical or artistic
gap is your research filling?
 HOW TO WRITE ABSTRACT
• 2) Methods/procedure/approach:
What did you actually do to get
your results? (e.g. analyzed 3
novels, completed a series of 5 oil
paintings, interviewed 17 students)
 HOW TO WRITE ABSTRACT
• 3) Results/findings/product: As a
result of completing the above
procedure, what did you
learn/invent/create?
 HOW TO WRITE ABSTRACT
• 4) Conclusion/implications: What
are the larger implications of your
findings, especially for the
problem/gap identified in step 1?
(-_-!)