Control of Electric Drives

Modes of operation

Speed control and drives classification

Closed loop control of drives

Modes of operation
Any drive - Three modes

 Steady state

 Acceralation (including starting)

 Deceleration (including stopping)

Principle of speed control
Speed transition Path
Speed Control & Drives
Classification
Constant Speed Drives :
driving motor runs at nearly fixed speed – also called as
single speed drives
Variable Speed Drives :
step less change in speed – multi speed drives

Multi motor drive :

A load – driven by more than one motor.
Constant Torque Mode
Constant Power Mode:

 drive’s max torque capability should not change with

change in speed – output torque may vary from no load to
full load.
Speed regulation:
Closed loop control of drives
Need??
Protection
Enhancement of speed response
To improve steady state accuracy
Current limit control
To limit motor and
converter current – below
safe limit – transient
cond
Current feedback loop –
threshold logic circuit
Set maximum value
Closed loop Torque Control
Closed loop Speed Control
Widely used in drives
Inner current control loop – outer speed control loop
Increase in ref speed – positive error – limiter sets current
reference
Decrease in ref speed – negative error – limiter sets
current limit value
In drives where the current does not reverse for braking
operation – current limiter char – as shown below
Closed loop control of multi motor
drives
Load dimension – large – shared between several motors
Rotary printing press
Speed Sensing
Tachometers – coupled to the motor shaft
Conventional tachometers – ac/dc generator – output
voltage consists of ripple whose frequency depends on
speed.
Digital tachometers – opto coupler unit – light source and
light sensor
Current Sensing
Apart from current limit – for sensing fault conditions
Sensing ac current
PLL control
Earlier discussed methods- 0.2%
PLL – 0.02%
Two pulse train – ref pulse train and feedback pulse train
are compared
Vc – pulse width modulated output voltage
Pulse width depends on phase diff
Polarity of Vc indicates – sign of phase difference – lag or
lead