OBJECTIVES:

• understand and appreciate

the main differences of DNA
and RNA and how the
differences influence their
respective functions;
• share their own experiences on
how nucleic acids applies and
affect their daily lives and;
• apply base pairing rules to
assemble nucleic acids through
a game called “Pair me”.
 NUCLEICS ACIDS

are the most important

biomolecules. They serve as
the blueprint of life. They are
responsible in encoding,
transmitting, and expressing
genetic information.
NUCLEIC ACIDS STRUCTURE
 HISTORY
• 1860s – Friedrich Miescher
Isolated NA from the nuclei of white blood cells
• 1940s – Charrgaff
Nitrogen bases residues
• 1950s – Rosalind Franklin and Maurice Wilkins
Complementary DNA structure
Charrgaff’s rule
• 1953 – Watson and Crick
Two strands of DNA
Confirms charrgaff’s rule
 TYPES OF NUCLEIC ACIDS

(Deoxyribonucleic acid) - It
contains the genetic
instructions used in the
development and
functioning of all modern
living organisms.
DNA STRUCTURE
 TYPES OF NUCLEIC ACIDS

RNA (Ribonucleic acid) - It is

a single-strand chain of
altering phosphate and ribose
units with the bases adenine,
guanine, cytosine, and uracil
bonded to the ribose.
 Differences of DNA and RNA
DNA RNA
 A-T and G-C base pair  A-U and G-C base pair
 Double-stranded  Single-stranded
molecule
molecule
 Synthesized from DNA
 Self-replicating when needed
DNA - RNA - PROTEIN
 Test your understanding
Match the following definitions to the correct
vocabulary term.
A.) Condensed or compact
“rod” of DNA that carries
genetic information.
__ 1.) DNA B.) A segment of DNA that
__ 2.) Gene controls protein production.
__ 3.) Chromosome C). Deoxyribonucleic Acid;
helical molecule that carries
the genetic information of an
organism and is passed from
parent to offspring.
 Test your understanding

____ 4.) How many nitrogenous

bases are there in DNA?

A.) 1 C.) 3
B.) 2 D.) 4
 Test your understanding

____ 5.) Which of the following

is not a nitrogenous base found
in DNA?

A.) Adenine B.) Cytosine

C.) Guanine D.) Uracil
 Test your understanding

___ 6.) DNA is made up of Nitrogenous

base pairs. The bases bond in which of
the following patterns?
A.) Adenine – Thymine; Cytosine – Guanine
B.) Adenine – Cytosine; Guanine – Thymine
C.) Adenine – Guanine; Cytosine – Thymine
D.) Adenine – Thymine; Cytosine – Taunine
 Test your understanding
___ 7.) Who is credited with
discovering the structure of
DNA?
A.) Crick and Neck
B.) Watson and Crick
C.) Watson and Franklin
D.) Holmes and Watson
 Test your understanding
8. 9. 10.
DNA to DNA DNA to RNA RNA to RNA
(Replication) (Transcription) (Translation)

A A A
T T U
C C C
G G G