Professional Documents
Culture Documents
d 1 1
T dp P dT T ' p
p T T P
FM increase as a decrease.
ρg Δx Δy Δz pd Δx Δy pg Δx Δy 0
Adopting that pressure difference between “upper” and
“lower” surface is given by p one gets:
ρg ΔxΔy Δz pd pd Δp ΔxΔy 0
ρg Δz Δp 0
HYDROSTATIC
After the transition z0 one gets the equality :
p
ρg
z
p p0
z z0 konst .
ρg ρg
p0 p1
h z0 z1
ρg ρg
HYDROSTATIC
If liquid density is not uniform along the vertical column it is
necessary to carry out the integration as given below:
z z
p
z zdz z ρ z gdz
0 0
z1 z2
p p
z zdz z zdz
0 1
z1 z2
ρ1gdz ρ2gdz
z0 z1
HYDROSTATIC
Pressure is - according to definition - infinitesimal force dF
that acts on infinitesimal surface dA. The total pressure force
is obtained by integration over entire surface A (made up of
infinitesimals dA).
d F p d A ρg z z0 d A
konst.
ζ dA ζ
A
T A
HYDROSTATIC
This gives an expression for the total pressure force :
Fp pT A ρghT A
where: hT = T sin the depth of observed surface A centroid,
pT pressure in the point of observed surface A centroid at the
depth hT.
dF ρgh dA ρg ζ sin α dA
ζ H FP ρg ζ 2 sin α dA FP ρghT A
A
hT ζ T sin α
ρg sin α 2
ζH
ρghT A A
ζ dA
1 Iζ
ζH ζ dA
2
ζT A A ζT A
HYDROSTATIC
Applying the Steiner rule:
Iζ IT ζ T2 A
one gets:
IT ζ T2 A IT
ζH ζT
ζT A ζT A
where:
I moment of inertia for surface A around axes (through
the origin of coordinate system)
IT moment of inertia for surface A around axes (through the
centroid of surface A)
HYDROSTATIC
In solving some practical problems one would benefit from
using the force components instead of total force:
Fx
F Fy
F
z
F Fx2 Fy2
ρ ax dx ρ ay dy ρ az dz 0
ax x g z 0
ar dr az dz 0
az g
ar ω2r
ω2r dr g z 0
HYDROSTATIC - relative equilibrium
After the integration we get the equation:
ω2 r 2
g z konst . 0
2
V rdr d dz 0
z2 0 0
HYDROSTATIC - relative equilibrium
Adopting the relation z1 – z2 = z one gets:
R 2
R
ω2r 2
V 2π z2 rdr 0
z r d dr 0
0 0
0
2g
R
R
r
2 3
ωr z2r
2 4 2
0 2g z2r dr 0 8g 2 0
0
2R 4 z2R 2 ω2R 2
0 z2
8g 2 4g