Professional Documents
Culture Documents
Gregg C. Fonarow, MD; Eric E. Smith, MD, MPH; Jeffrey L. Saver, MD;
Mathew J. Reeves, PhD; Adrian F. Hernandez, MD, MHS; Eric D.
Peterson, MD, MPH; Ralph L. Sacco, MD; Lee H. Schwamm, MD
Stroke. 2011;42:00-00
Target: Stroke
Target: Stroke is a national quality improvement
campaign of the American Heart Association/American
Stroke Association designed to improve outcomes for
ischemic stroke patients by helping hospitals achieve
door-to-needle (DTN) times of 60 minutes or less.
• 14 billion synapses
Patients who are eligible for treatment with rt-PA within 3 hours
of onset of stroke should be treated as recommended in the 2007
Guidelines.
Although a longer time window for treatment with rt-PA has been
tested formally, delays in evaluation and initiation of therapy should
be avoided, because the opportunity for improvement is greater with
earlier treatment.
Comprehensive overview of nursing and interdisciplinary care of the acute ischemic stroke patient: a scientific statement
from the American Heart. Association. Stroke 2009;40;2911-2944
NINDS TPA Stroke Trial
Excellent outcome at 3 months on all scales
60%
52%
50% 45%
43%
38%
40% 34%
31%
30% 26%
21% TPA
20% Placebo
10%
0%
Barthel Rankin Glasgow NIHSS
Index Scale Outcome score
Global outcome statistic: OR=1.7, 50% v. 38%= 12% benefit
N Engl J Med 1995;333:1581-7
Number of Patients Who Benefit and Are Harmed
per 100 Patients tPA Treated in Each Time Window
30.0
27.0
25.0
22.2
20.0
15.9
15.0 Benefit
10.0 Harm
7.1
5.0 5.0
5.0 2.4
1.3
0.0
0-90 91-180 181-270 271-360
Outcome NNT
Normal/Near Normal 8.3
Improved 3.1
Hacke, W., G. Donnan, et al. Association of outcome with early stroke treatment: pooled analysis of
ATLANTIS, ECASS, and NINDS rt-PA stroke trials. Lancet 2004;363:768-74.
The Importance of Time in t-PA Stroke Trials
Hacke, W., G. Donnan, et al. Association of outcome with early stroke treatment: pooled analysis of
ATLANTIS, ECASS, and NINDS rt-PA stroke trials. Lancet 2004;363:768-74.
Association of DTN Time as a Continuous Variable
with in-Hospital Mortality in GWTG-Stroke
25,504 acute ischemic stroke patients treated with tPA
within 3 hrs of symptom onset at 1082 hospital sites.
After adjustment, every 15 minute reduction in DTN
time was associated with 5% lower odds of in-hospital
mortality
Adjusted OR 0.95, 95% CI 0.92-0.98, P=0.0007
* Variables included in multivariable GEE models were age, sex, race, prior medical history of AF, stroke/TIA, CHD/MI,
carotid stenosis, diabetes, PVD, hypertension, dyslipidemia, smoking, NIHSS (continuous), arrival mode (EMS vs other),
arrival time on hours, hospital characteristics of geographic region, academic, PSC, bed size, annual number of strokes,
annual number of tPA patients.
42.09%
40%
20%
0%
IV rt-PA 2 Hour
Schwamm LH et al. Circulation 2009;119:107-115
1082 GWTG-Stroke Hospitals
Temporal Trends in the Proportion of Patients
with DTN Times ≤60 Minutes 2005-2009
D T N T im e s W it h in 6 0 M in u t e s , %
100%
80%
60%
40%
29.1%
26.3% 26.6% 27.0%
24.1%
20%
0%
2005 2006 2007 2008 2009
12
10.76
9.98
10
8
6.86
6.4
5.62
6 5.15
3.9 3.74
4
2 1.09
0.47 0.31 0.47 0.31
0 0 0 0
0
Fonarow GC et al. Circulation. 2011;123:750-758. Among hospitals with at least 10 tPA patients
Initial Campaign
www.targetstroke.org
Customizable
Implementation Tools
● Patient time-trackers
● Guideline based algorithms
● tPA checklist
● Standardized order sets
● Dosing charts
● Clinical pathways
● Evidence-based protocols
● EMS tools
● Patient educational materials
● Other tools
Updated from Adams HP, et al. ASA Stroke Council. Stroke. 2003;34:1056-1083.
Thrombolytic Checklist: Contraindications
Evidence of intracranial hemorrhage on pretreatment CT.
8. Rapid Access to Intravenous rt-PA: Once eligibility has been determined and
intracranial hemorrhage has been excluded, IV rt-PA should be promptly
administered. tPA should be readily available in the emergency department or CT
scanner (if CT scanner is not located in the ED). Dosing charts and standardized
order sets can also facilitate timely administration.
Best Practice Strategies
9. Team-Based Approach: The team approach based on standardized stroke
pathways and protocols has proven to be effective in reducing time to treatment in
stroke. An interdisciplinary collaborative team is also essential for successful stroke
performance improvement efforts. The team should frequently meet to review your
hospital’s process and make recommendations for improvement.
10. Prompt Data Feedback: Accurately measuring and tracking your hospital’s
door-to-needle times equips the stroke team to identify areas for improvement and
take appropriate action. A data monitoring and feedback system includes the use of
the GWTG-Stroke PMT and creating a process for providing timely feedback on a
case by case basis and in hospital aggregate. This system helps identify specific
delays, set targets, and monitor progress on a case by case basis.
Time Interval Goals
1. Perform an initial patient evaluation within 10
minutes of arrival in the emergency department
2. Notify the stroke team within 15 minutes of arrival
3. Initiate a CT scan within 25 minutes of arrival
4. Interpret the CT scan within 45 minutes of arrival
5. Ensure a door-to-needle time for IV rt-PA within 60
minutes from arrival.
GWTG-PMT
The GWTG-Stroke
PMT facilitates the
tracking of eligible
patients, key time
intervals, quality
measures, and
progress towards
the Target: Stroke
goal
Expectations of Target: Stroke Hospitals
• Active participation to achieve the Target: Stroke goal
• Assemble dedicated Target: Stroke Improvement Team
• Implement Target: Stroke Improvement Best Practices
• Utilize Target: Stroke tools
• Track progress to achieving the Target: Stroke Goal using the
GWTG-Stroke PMT reporting functions
• Share insights, experiences, and success
Target: Stroke Honor Roll Criteria
• To be eligible for the Target: Stroke Honor Roll Award a hospital
must:
– Be registered in Target: Stroke
– Be participating in GWTG-Stoke
– Currently hold Gold, Silver or Bronze Performance Achievement
status in GWTG-Stroke
– Have DTN times within 60 minutes for at least 50% of applicable
patients (minimum of 6 patients) for at least one calendar
quarter
Benefits to Target: Stroke Participants
• Access to world-class experts and a curriculum on timely and
effective acute stroke care
• Access to best practice strategies and successful efforts to
improve acute stroke care and meet goals
• Online forums to exchange knowledge and improve
performance
• Customizable strategies and tools
• Recognition for your hospital’s stroke care
80%
60% 50.0%
40%
29.1%
20%
0%
www.targetstroke.org