Advanced Soil Mechanics

Secondary Consolidation Settlement

Dr.R.K.Verma
Professor

Civil Engineering Department, AMU

July to August, 2017

Secondary Consolidation -DR.R.K.Verma
 Content of Presentation

 General
 Definition of Secondary Consolidation

 Significance of secondary consolidation

 Secondary consolidation settlement

 Methods of determination of secondary consolidation settlement

 Examples

 References

Secondary Consolidation -DR.R.K.Verma

 Cont’d…
History
 Leaning Tower of Pisa (in Italy) ,
has been, settling continuously from the time
when was under construction
(but not uniformly,
so it leans) for over 700 years.

 Most time-dependent settlements

Occur in the range of 3 to 10 years of a
structure

 At least a part of the Settlement

Causing the Leaning Tower of Pisa to tilt
is probably due to secondary compression, with consolidation providing the
remainder of the vertical (and differential) movement.

Secondary Consolidation -DR.R.K.Verma

 Cont’d…
 secondary compression is the continuing readjustment of the soil
grains into a closer (or more dense) state under the constant
vertical compressive effective stress.
 It occurs after the excess pore pressure has fully been dissipated
and it may continue for many years. One possible reason for
secondary consolidation may be due to the expulsion of water
from micro-pores and another reason is viscous deformation of
the soil structure. Whatsoever, the exact reason for the
secondary consolidation is still not well explained.
 Secondary compression may be the larger component of
settlement in some soils, particularly in soils with a large organic
content or inorganic soil itself such as peat.

Secondary Consolidation -DR.R.K.Verma

 cont’d…

B- Settlement due to other causes than loading

1.  Structural collapse of soil.
2.  Underground erosion.
3.  Lowering of water table. .
4.  Thermal changes.
5.  Subsidence etc.
These are not the part of the course , only for
information.

Secondary Consolidation -DR.R.K.Verma

Secondary Consolidation -DR.R.K.Verma
 Cont’d……

Secondary Consolidation -DR.R.K.Verma

Classification of secondary consolidation

Secondary Consolidation -DR.R.K.Verma

Secondary Consolidation -DR.R.K.Verma
Secondary Consolidation -DR.R.K.Verma
Coefficient of consolidation for various soils

Secondary Consolidation -DR.R.K.Verma

 Cont’d…….

Secondary Consolidation -DR.R.K.Verma

 for over consolidated clays

Secondary Consolidation -DR.R.K.Verma

Secondary Consolidation -DR.R.K.Verma
Secondary Consolidation -DR.R.K.Verma
Secondary Consolidation -DR.R.K.Verma
Secondary Consolidation -DR.R.K.Verma
Secondary Consolidation -DR.R.K.Verma
 Example #1

Secondary Consolidation -DR.R.K.Verma

 Soln

Secondary Consolidation -DR.R.K.Verma

 Soln

Secondary Consolidation -DR.R.K.Verma

 Example #2

Secondary Consolidation -DR.R.K.Verma

 References
 soil Mechanics & Foundation Design By Robert W. Day
 Murthy Advanced Foundation Engineering
 Soil Mechanics by Alemayehu-Teferra, AAU (1999)
 Braja M[1]. Das 6th Edition of PRINCIPLES OF
FOUNDATION ENG
 Advanced Soil Mechanics - by Braja M Das
 Principles and Practices of Soil Mechanics and Foundation
Engineering By V.N.S. Murthy
 Internet access

Secondary Consolidation
-DR.R.K.Verma
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Secondary Consolidation
-DR.R.K.Verma