PETA

MINDA
TAHUN 4 TAHUN 5 TAHUN 6
, ,

SAINS
 MENYIASAT
ALAM
KEHIDUPAN
MENYIASAT
ALAM MENYIASAT
BAHAN ALAM
FIZIKAL

MENYIASAT
MENYIASAT BUMI DAN
DUNIA ALAM
TEKNOLOGI SEMESTA
MENYIASAT
BENDA HIDUP
1. Benda Hidup Mempunyai Keperluan Asas
2. Benda Hidup Menjalani Proses Hidup
3. Haiwan Dan Tumbuhan Melindungi Diri
1.1 Memahami manusia mempunyai keperluan asas

Membekal tenaga
Bernafas
Tumbesaran
Kekal sihat

Makanan Udara

Keperluan Asas Manusia

Air Tempat
perlindungan
Minum
Tumbesaran Melindungi dari
• bahaya
Kekal sihat
• sinaran matahari
• hujan
1.2 Memahami haiwan memerlukan keperluan asas

Membekal tenaga
Bernafas
Tumbesaran
Kekal sihat

Makanan Udara

jenis :
• lubang
Keperluan Asas Haiwan • gua
• sarang

Air
Habitat
Minum
Tumbesaran Melindungi diri
• bahaya
Kekal sihat
• sinaran matahari
• hujan
1.3 Memahami tumbuhan memerlukan keperluan asas

Keperluan Asas Tumbuhan

Cahaya
Udara Air
matahari

Ada Keperluan Asas : Tiada Keperluan Asas

• Tumbesaran sihat • Layu
• Tumbesaran baik • Kekuningan
• Tidak layu • Mati
2.1 Menganalisa proses-proses hidup manusia

Tarik nafas – udara disedut

Hidung/Mulut Saluran udara Paru-paru
Hembus nafas – udara dihembus
Organ
Tujuan :
• elak bahaya Pernafasan Kadar pernafasan
• elak kecederaan Jumlah pergerakan dada
• elak kemalangan
pada sesuatu masa
• untuk hidup

Menganalisa Proses-Proses
Gerakbalas Hidup Manusia Pembiakan

Proses melahirkan anak

Organ
Perkumuhan Nyahtinja
Mata - lihat
Hidung - hidu Paru-paru Najis
( Karbon Dioksidsa
Lidah - rasa + Wap Air)
Telinga - dengar Buah Pinggang
( air kencing + garam mineral )
Kulit - sentuh
Skin ( peluh + garam mineral)
2.2 Menyedari tentang sesetengah perlakuan boleh mengganggu proses hidup

Tabiat yang mendatangkan bahaya

terhadap proses hidup

Minum
Merokok Mengambil Dadah
minuman keras

Akibatnya
• kanser paru-paru Akibatnya
• batuk • gerak balas yang lambat terhadap
How to avoid stimuli
• terhoyong-hayang
• boleh menyebabkan kemalangan
Menyertai kempen

Tidak menggalakkan tabiat dalam

kalangan Rakan sebaya
2.3 Menganalisis proses hidup haiwan

Proses hidup haiwan

Berkumuh Nyahtinja Bernafas Membiak

Mengeluarkan bahan buangan Organ Bertelur Beranak

dari badan
ular kucing
harimau
burung kelawar
Ikan paus

Paru-paru Insang Kulit lembap Kulit lembap Spirakel

• kera • ikan & peparu • katak • belalang
• burung • udang • Newt • cacing tanah •Lalat
• ikan paus •berudu •Salamander •Lintah •lipas
•katak •siput
2.4 Memahami proses-proses hidup tumbuhan
Tumbuhan bergerakbalas Bahagian tumbuhan
terhadap rangsangan bergerakbalas terhadap air
air, cahaya matahari, sentuhan,
Graviti.
Pelbagai cara tumbuhan membiak akar
Melalui biji , spora,, sulur, keratan batang, daun
Batang bawah tanah
Bahagian tumbuhan bergerakbalas
terhadap graviti

akar

Proses-proses
hidup tumbuhan Bahagian tumbuhan bergerakbalas
terhadap cahaya mataharii

Ramalkan apa yang akan berlaku pucuk

kalau tumbuhan tidak membiak

Tiada bekalan makanan

Pembiakan tumbuhan
biji– balsam, jagung, durian
spora– paku-pakis, cendawan Bahagian tumbuhan
sulur – pisang, nanas bergerakbalas
Keratan batang – ubi kayu, bunga raya terhadap sentuhan
daun– begonia, setawar
Kenapa tumbuhan membiak? Batang bawah tanah – halia,, keledek

Untuk memastikan kemandirian spesies

3.1 memahami bahawa haiwan mempunyai ciri-ciri khas dan tabiat bagi melindungi diri daripada bahaya/musuh.

Ciri-ciri khas haiwan melindungi Tabiat haiwan melindungi dirinya

dirinya daripada bahaya/musuh daripada bahaya /musuh

Kuku yang tajam

Melindungi dirinya daripada musuh Tabiat pura-pura mati
bears, eagle, cat, singa
Untuk menipu musuh
Cth: kumbang tanduk
Kulit yang keras dan tebal
Melindungi dirinya daripada tercedera
Badak dan gajah
Camouflage
Cengkerang keras Bertukar warna kulit mengikut persekitaran
Siput dan kura-kura memasukkan dirinya Sesumpah dan kuda belang
Kedalam cengkerang apabila ada bahaya

Sisik keras Menggulung

Tenggiling dan buaya mempunyai sisik Tenggiling menggulung dirinya apabila ada
Keras untuk melindunginya daripada bahaya bahaya/musuh
cth: tenggiling, ulat gonggok
Bulu deduri
Mengembangkan bulu dedurinya apabila
diserang musuh
landak
Semburan cecair hitam
Menghadkan penglihatan musuh
Tanduk Cth: sotong
Menggunakan tanduk untuk menyerang musuh
Kambing dan rusa
3.2. Memahami bahawa haiwan mempunyai ciri-ciri khas dan tabiat melindungi dirinya daripada cuaca yang melampau

3.3. Memahami bahawa haiwan mempunyai ciri-ciri khas dan tabiat yang membenarkan mereka bermandiri

Haiwan mempunyai ciri-ciri khas dan

tabiat melindungi dirinya daripada
cuaca melampau dan membenarkan
mereka bermandiri
Cuaca sejuk
Lapisan lemak
Cuaca panas Penguin, anjing laut dan ikan paus mempunyai
lapisan lemak di bawah kulit untuk mengekal haba
badan

Kulit Berkedut Bulu tebal

gajah, badak dan kerbau
Beruang kutub mempunyai bulu tebal untuk
Kehilangan haba melalui kulit berkedut
mengelakkan kehilangan haba kepada
persekitaran sejuk
Berkubang
gajah, badak dan kerbau
menyejukkan badan dengan berkubang
Telinga kecil
Anjing laut dan singa laut mempunyai telinga kecil
dalam lumpur
untuk menhalang kehilangan haba badan

Bonggol
Unta menyimpan makanan dan air dalam
bentuk lemak di dalam bonggolnya
Hibernate
Beruang kutub tidur semusim bagi mengekang
hilangnya haba badan musim sejuk
3.4. Memahami tumbuhan mempunyai ciri-ciri khas untuk melindungi diri daripada musuh

Ciri-ciri khas untuk melindungi

diri daripada musuh

Menghasilkan
getah Ciri-ciri yang
melindungi
Duri
tumbuhan

Bulu halus

Beracun
Menutup anak
daun bila disentuh
3.5. Memahami tumbuhan mempunyai ciri-ciri khas untuk melindungi diri daripada kawasan kering dan angin kuat

Ciri-ciri khas

Kawasan kering Kawasan

berangin kuat

a. Batang yang mudah melentur

a. Akar tunjang untuk menyerap air b. Mempunyai akar baniir
b. Batang sukulen yang boleh c. Dedaun tirus/berpisah
menyimpan air d. Dedaun jarum
c. Duri mengurangkan kehilangan
air pada tumbuhan
cth: pokok kelapa, buluh,
pokok bakau
cth : kaktus
 MENYIASAT
DAYA DAN TENAGA

1. Ukuran
1. Ukuran

1.1 Panjang
1.2 Luas
1.3 Isipadu pepejal
UKURAN
1.4 Isipadu cecair
1.5 Jisim
1.6 Masa
1.7 Unit Piawai
1.1. Memahami ukuran panjang

Pita ukur tali depa

Terminologi

Jarak di antara dua titik/ jengkal

tempat/ kedudukan Pelbagai cara
ukuran
pembaris

Alat piawai
Panjang
Teknik yang betul Pita ukur pembaris
Fokus penglihatan
hendaklah selari
dengan hujung objek Unit

mm cm m km
1.2. Memahami cara mengukur luas

Terminologi
Luas Unit Piawai

- Millimetre persegi (mm2)

Luas adalah jumlah - Centimetre persegi (cm2)
ruang yang diliputi oleh - Metre persegi (m2)
sesuatu objek - Kilometre persegi (km2)

Pelbagai cara mengukur luas

- Menggunakan formula
Meletakkan objek Menggunakan kad segiempat
seragam seperti jubin, sama 1 centimetre 2cm
buku dan setemdi atas
permukaan sesuatu 3cm 4cm
objek Luas =panjang X lebar
1cm = 4cm X 2 cm
3cm = 8cm2
1cm
1.3. Memahami cara menyukat isipadu pepejal

1.4. Memahami cara menyukat isipadu cecair

Jumlah ruang yang dipenuhi/diliputi oleh pepejal/cecair. Silinder penyukat

panjang x lebar x tinggi Terminologi Alat

Formula
Isipadu 1.4 Cecair

Unit Piawai
1.3 Pepejal

Teknik yang betul

ml, l

Unit Piawai
a) Ambil bacaan ukuran pada aras
bawah meniskus
mm3 , cm3, m3 b) Aras mata hendaklah pada aras
bawah meniskus.
1.5. Memahami cara mengukur jisim

Terminologi Teknik mengukur

Amaun jirim
terkandung dalam
sesuatu objek

Jisim
Neraca
Spring

Unit Piawai
Neraca
Elektronik Alat

Neraca mg g kg
mikro
Neraca
Palang Dacing
Neraca
Tuas
1.6. Memahami cara mengukur masa

Terminologi Unit Piawai

Masa
Julat waktu di antara saat , minit , jam
dua peristiwa

Alat
Cara mengukur

Jam Dinding , Jam Tangan

Proses ulangan seragam
sesuatu peristiwa boleh Jam Randik, Jam digital
mengukur masa

Pelbagai cara yang boleh mengukur masa

Old clock -Ayunan bandul

-Kadar nadi
- lilin yang menyala
sundial , sand clock ,
candle clock -Titisan air
-Pertukaran siang dan malam
1.7. Kesedaran kepentingan menggunakan unit piawai

Kepentingan Unit Piawai

untuk ketepatan Memudahkan

dan ketekalan komunikasi dan
pemahaman
MENYIASAT BAHAN
1. Memahami sifat bahan
1.1. Memahami sifat bahan

logam karbon kaca plastik kayu

Pengalir Membenarkan Penebat

elektrik cahaya melaluinya

Sifat Bahan

Terapung di Tenggelam di Boleh diregang Mengalir haba

atas air dalam air

kayu batu Gelang getah logam

1.2. Mengaplikasikan pengetahuan tentang sifat bahan dalam kehidupan seharian.

CARA-CARA MENYIMPAN OBJEK

PANAS SEJUK

Dilitupi dengan bahan penebat

eg. sabut, habuk kayu, polistirena

objek panas objek sejuk

Menghalang Menghalang
pembebasan haba penyerapan haba
1.3. Mensintesis pengetahuan mengenai penggunaan bahan berdasarkan sifat bahan

Bahan

Senarai objek dan bahan

berdasarkan bahan apa
Ia diperbuat.
Kenapa bahan tertentu digunakan
untuk membuat sesuatu objek

objek bahan sifat

pisau logam keras

Murah Kuat/kukuh
Kertas kayu lembut
tisu
Cermin kaca Lut sinar Mudah Berkualiti
kereta diperolehi tinggi
1.4. Mengetahui kepentingan mengguna semula bahan, mengurangkan penggunaan
bahan dan mengitar semula bahan

Jenis Bahan

Bahan buatan
Bahan semulajadi
manusia

kayu kapas logam getah nilon plastik kain tiruan

Mengguna semula, Mengurangkan penggunaan

dan Mengitar semula bahan

Mengurangkan Mengguna Mengitar

penggunaan semula semula

kertas beg plastik botol plastik kaca

1.5. Memahami bahawa sesetengah bahan boleh berkarat

BAHAN

Objek berkarat Objek tidak berkarat

Objek diperbuat daripada Objek diperbuat daripada

logam dan keluli kayu, kapas, getah, kulit
kaca dan sutera

*paku *gelas
*sudu *botol
*pisau *cawan
*jarum *pensil
kapak pembaris
1.6. Memahami bahawa pengaratan boleh dicegah.

Pengaratan

Pelbagai cara mencegah Pentingnya mencegah

pengaratan pengaratan

* Menyalut dengan *jangka hayat yang panjang

bahan tidak *memulihara bahan
berkarat semulajadi
* cat *menjimatkan kos
* minyak *cantik dipandang/ menawan
* gris

*Kesimpulan; Pengaratan dapat dicegah dengan mengelakkan logam

terdedah kepada air dan udara
MENYIASAT BUMI
DAN ALAM SEMESTA

1. SISTEM SURIA
1.1. Memahami Sistem Suria

Senarai urutan
Senarai ahli planet

akronim:
Utarid …ustazah
Sistem Suria Zuhrah …zuraidah
-8 planet
Bumi … bungkus
-Satelit semulajadi
Marikh …makanan
-Meteor
Musytari …masa
-Komet
Zuhal …zuhur
-Asteroid
Uranus …untuk
Neptun …nenek

Planet bergerak
mengelilingi Matahari
1.2. Memahami saiz dan jarak relatif antara Bumi, Bulan dan Matahari

Bumi
Bumi Bulan
Matahari
100
1 4
1

Saiz relatif Matahari

dengan saiz Bumi Saiz relatif Bumi
dengan saiz Bulan
Saiz dan Jarak
relatif
Jarak relatif Bumi ke Matahari
berbanding jarak relatif dari Bumi
ke Bulan

Bumi Bulan
Matahari
150 000 000 km 382 500 km
1 : 400
1.3. Menghargai kesempurnaan kedudukan planet Bumi dalam Sistem Suria

Menyatakan sebab Lebih dekat :

sesetengah planet tidak
kondusif untuk benda hidup
•Lebih dekat jarak planet daripada
Matahari semakin panas permukaannya .
.Lebih jauh jarak planet daripada Matahari
semakin sejuk permukaannya
•Ketiadaan air dan udara.
Sistem Suria
•Suhu di atas muka Bumi semakin tinggi.
•Berlaku sejatan air di permukaan Bumi
•Ketiadaan air menyebabkan suhu tinggi
Lebih jauh :
•Suhu di atas muka Bumi semakin rendah.
•Air membeku membentuk ais
•Payah menampung kehidupan
Bumi
dalam

Bumi adalah satu-satunya KESAN

planet dalam Sistem Suria
yang boleh menampung
hidupan

•Bumi adalah planet berkedudukan ke-3 dari Matahari

•Menerima cahaya dan haba yang cukup dari Matahari
•Bumi mempunyai keupayaan menampung kehidupan
•Atmosfera Bumi mengandungi udara
•Terdapat air di Bumi
MENYIASAT
TEKNOLOGI

1. TEKNOLOGI
1.1.Memahami kepentingan teknologi dalam kehidupan harian.

Contoh had keupayaan

Had keupayaan manusia • tidak berupaya melihat objek seni
dalam membuat sesuatu • tidak berupaya bercakap kuat
• tidak berupaya berjalan jauh
• tidak berupaya melihat objek jarak jauh

Alat untuk mengatasi had

keupayaan manusia

Mikroskop
- Penggunaan kanta unutk melihat objek seni dan mikrob
Mikrofon
- Meningkatkan kelangsingan suara
Telefon
- Untuk berkomunikasi jarak jauh
Kenderaan
- Memudahkan perjalanan jarak jauh dalam masa singkat
Teleskop, Binokular
- Untuk melihat objek jauh
1.2. Memahami perkembangan teknologi

Pertanian
tajak bajak jentera jentuai

Pengangkutan
Perkembangan Darat: haiwan basikal kereta keretapi
teknologi
Udara : belon udara panas kapal udara peluncur
kapal terbang roket
Air : kanu rakit sampan feri kapal
(contoh)
Pembinaan
gua pondok rumah kayu apartmen

Komunikasi
asap burung merpati telegraf telefon
1.3 . Mensintesis cara teknologi digunakan untuk menyelesaikan masalah

Senarai cabaran yang Tidak mampu bergerak jauh

dihadapi dalam kehidupan
harian Tidak mampu mengangkat dan
menggerak beban yang berat

Teknologi Idea untuk mengatasi cabaran

yang telah dikenal pasti
digunakan untuk
mengatasi
cabaran sumbangsaran
Lakaran model
Tunjuk cara alatan yang Alatan untuk mengatasi . takal
telah dicipta untuk cabaran .kereta sorong
mengatasi cabaran

Takal –mengangkat beban dari Kereta sorong – memindah beban dengan

aras rendah ke aras tinggi mudah
dengan senang
1.4. Menganalisa teknologi memberi manfaat kepada manusia sejagat jika digunakan
secara bijaksana.
TEKNOLOGI
Advantages
•KOMUNIKASI
Membolehkan manusia
mempelajari dan mengetahui
banyak perkara dalam dunia
•PENGANGKUTAN
Membolehkan manusia bergerak
jauh dalam masa yang singkat
•PERTANIAN
Mesin membantu dan memudahkan
menanam dan menuai tanaman
•PEMBINAAN
Memudah dan mempercepatkan
pembinaan jalan, jambatan
dan bangunan
Disadvantages
Bahan buangan yang bertambah
mengakibatkan pencemaran alam sekitar
Penggunaan bahan sumber semulajadi
yang berleluasa menyebabkan
kemusnahan alam sekitar
Penggunaan alatan berteknologi
yang kurang bijaksana dan tidak terkawal
menimbulkan Masalah Sosial
Pencemaran alam sekitar dan
penggunaan bahan kimia yang keterlaluan
mengakibatkan kesan buruk
terhadap kesihatan
 MENYIASAT

ALAM
KEHIDUPAN
MENYIASAT

MENYIASAT
ALAM
BAHAN DAYA
DAN
TENAGA

MENYIASAT

MENYIASAT

BUMI DAN
TEKNOLOGI ALAM
SEMESTA
MENYIASAT
ALAM KEHIDUPAN 7

1. MIKROORGANISMA
2. KEMANDIRIAN SPESIES
1.1 Memahami bahawa mikroorganisma adalah benda hidup

Mikroorganisma

Bakteria Kulat Protozoa Virus

Ciri-ciri

Tidak dapat
Bernafas Bergerak Bertumbuh dilihat dengan mata
kasar
1.2. Memahami tentang mikroorganisma yang berguna dan berbahaya

Mikroorganisma
berguna dan berbahaya

Berguna Berbahaya Pencegahan

Membasuh
tangan
Membuat roti/Tapai Boleh Penyakit Meminum air yang
tempe/baja menyebabkan dimasak
sakit perut Menutup mulut dan
bisul hidung apabila
batuk atau bersin
Demam Keracunan pereputan gigi
makanan Pereputan beguk
Makanan gigi
basi
2.1. Memahami haiwan berlainan mempunyai cara-cara tersendiri untuk menjamin kemandirian spesies

Haiwan melindungi telur atau anak daripada dimakan oleh pemangsa

Bagaimana haiwan menjamin

Kemandirian spesies
haiwan
Sesetengah haiwan melindungi
telurnya atau menjaga
anaknya; ada juga haiwan
yang tidak berbuat demikian
kemandirian spesiesnya
Burung – bersarang di tempat yang tinggi
Katak – telur banyak dan dilitupi lapisan lendir
Lelabah – menyimpan anak dalam kerandut di
bawah badannya
Ikan – menyimpan anak di dalam mulutnya
Harimau - menyerang pemangsa untuk melindungi
anaknya
Penyu – bertelur banyak dan menimbus telurnya
dalam pasir
Kangaru – membawa anaknya dalam kantung
badannya
Gajah - sentiasa berada dalam kawanan
2.2. Memahami pelbagai tumbuhan mempunyai cara-cara tersendiri untuk menjamin kemandirian spesies

Agen pencaran Ciri-ciri istimewa Contoh

• ringan • kelapa
Air • lompang udara dalam • teratai
buah
• kalis air

• ringan • engkabang
Angin • bersaiz kecil • Angsana

Kemandirian • bersayap • Lalang

spesies
tumbuhan • buah getah
• kering bila masak
Mekanisme • buah balsam
• meletup bila matang
• Chestnut
letupan

• berwarna cerah • Rambutan

Haiwan • boleh dimakan • Mangga

• berbau • Love grass
• mempunyai onak • Mimosa
2.3. Realising the importance of survival of their species

Consequences
of
animals and plants
become extinct

shortage of food
resource
Importance

animals and plants species

may face extinction
3.1. Understanding food chain

Food Chain

Classify animals into

Animals and the
Producer herbivore, carnivore Construct food chain Consumer
food they eat
and omnivore

All living things need

food to survive. Green plant obtain
energy from Herbivore :
Animals that eat plants only. The food relationship Animals that eat plant
Green plant can make their the sun to make among living things or other animals
food. e.g.: cow, goat, deer
own food. can be shown by are called consumers.
a food chain.
However animals cannot Green
make their own food Plant as a producer Carnivore:
Animals that eat other animals.
e.g.: tiger, lion
To construct food
chain It must start
with plant as
Omnivore: a producer.
Animals that eat plants and
other animals
In a food chain
the arrow

means ‘eaten by’

3.2. Synthesizing food chain to construct food web

Synthesizing food chain to construct food web

Food web What will happen

If there is a change in
population of a certain
species in a food web ?
A change in the population
of a certain species
will effect the population
of other species What will happen
to a certain species
of animals if they
eat only one type
of food ?
Food web of different habitats
Paddy field
They will face difficulty
garden to survive – if the
source of food
runs out
 INVESTIGATING
7

FORCE AND ENERGY

1.1. Understanding the uses of energy

- for living things to carry

- to move, boil, melt,
out life processes.
or bounce non-living things
Eg.: moving, breathing,
growing Why energy
is needed?

The Uses of Energy Sun

- main source of energy

Water The Sources of Energy - produces light and heat

- moving or
falling water Food
produce Batteries Wind
energy Fuel - food contains
stored energy
- device that -Moving air
- wood, coal,
generated petroleum, -Used to pump
electrical energy natural gas water, drive
from chemical energy small sawmills
1.2. Understanding that energy can be transformed from one form to another

Light energy Electrical energy Kinetic energy

Heat energy Chemical energy

Sound energy
Form of energy
Potential energy

Energy can be transformed from

one form to another

Energy can be
Example of appliance that make use of
transformed
energy transform

a) lighting a candle
Chemical energy → a) Electric iron
heat energy + light energy Electrical energy → heat energy

b) Radio
b) Kicking a ball
Electrical energy → sound energy
Chemical energy →
kinetic energy c) Television
Electrical energy → sound energy + light energy
1.3. Understanding renewable and non-renewable energy

Resources – Resources –
Energy that Energy that can be
solar, wind, natural gas,
cannot be replenished when
biomass fuel, petroleum,
replenished it is used up
water coal

Non-renewable energy Renewable energy

Renewable and
non-renewable
energy
How to use energy wisely
Why use energy wisely

Avoid
wastage
Some energy
Turn off the Switch off the
resources cannot
Reduce television when lights before
be replenished
when used up pollution no one is leaving
To save watching it the room
cost
2.1. Knowing the sources of electricity
2.2. Understanding a series circuit and a parallel circuit
Dry cell
Electricity Sources Dynamo
Solar cell

Accumulator

Types of circuits
Symbols and
Parallel circuit Series circuit components

Name Symbol
Dry cell

Connecting
wire
Differences Switch

The bulb in the parallel circuit is brighter Bulb

than the bulb in the series circuit
2.3. Understanding the safety precautions to be taken when handling electrical appliances

PRECAUTIONS

Danger of mishandling
electrical appliances

Fire Burn Electric shock Electrocution

Safety precautions to be taken

when using appliances

Do not touch electrical Do not repair electrical

appliances with wet hand appliances on your own
3.1. Understanding that light travels in a straight line

Light
3.2. Understanding that light can be reflected

Travels in a
straight line

Reflection of light

Can be reflected Uses of reflection

How ?
How shadow
is formed
The light that falls Periscope Kaleidoscope
on objects ‘bounces
When light is off’ the objects and
Side mirror of a car
completely or comes to your eyes
partially blocked by
an opaque object
mirror
4.1. Understanding that temperature is an indicator of degree of hotness

4.2. Understanding the effects of heat on matter

Heat

Gain heat Loss heat

The effects of heat on matter
Warmer Cooler

Measure temperature using the

correct technique

Matter expands Matter contracts

when heated when cooled
INVESTIGATING
7

MATERIALS
 1.1. Matter exist in the form of solid, liquid or gas

SOLID LIQUID GAS

has mass fixed shape has mass

no fixed no fixed
has mass fixed volume volume
fixed shape
volume
no permanent shape
can be
compressed
1.1 Matter exist in the form of solid, liquid or gas

solid liquid gas

wood water air

milk steam
stone
1.2 . Understanding that matter can change from one state to another

solid - liquid melting

liquid - gas
evaporation
Changing
states Affected by windy and hot
of weather
water
gas - liquid condensation

liquid - solid Freezing

 1.3 . Understanding the water cycle

condensatio
WATER CYCLE n
evaporation

Formation of clouds sea

Importance of water
and rain
Circulation of water in
the environment

Changes in the states of

matter in the water cycle

Gas → liquid (Condensation)

Droplets of water will

Liquid to gas (evaporation) become bigger and
heavier → rain
1.4. Appreciating the importance of water resources

To prevent living aquatic from being

destroyed and undergoing extinction To avoid infected
diseases

To regulate Reasons to keep our To ensure the cleanliness

the formation of water resources clean. of water supply
clouds and rain

Appreciating the importance

of water resources

Ways to keep our water

resources clean

Keep the rivers clean Cleanliness campaign

 2.1. Understanding the properties of acid, alkaline and neutral substances

PROPERTIES

using litmus paper to identify taste

Properties of acidic, alkaline

Changes in colour and neutral substances sour
of litmus papers bitter
acid
alkaline

blue to red red to blue ACID

ALKALI
•Taste sour
•change blue litmus
acid alkaline •Taste bitter
paper red
•Change red litmus
paper blue
no change NEUTRAL
SUBSTANCES

neutral Other tastes – salty / sweet

no changes in litmus paper
 INVESTIGATING
THE EARTH AND THE UNIVERSE
7
1.1. Understanding the constellation

Indicates
Seasons Show
Importance of directions
constellation
planting harvesting
desert sea
What
constellation
Is ?
A group of stars that form a
certain pattern in the sky

Identify constellation

Southern Cross

Orion Scorpion

South Kite or Cross Big Dipper

Scorpion south
Hunter North

Laddle North
2.1. understanding the movements of the Earth, the Moon and the Sun

Earth rotates on it axis

Moon rotates on it axis

Moon rotates and at the same

time moves around the Earth

The earth
Earth rotates
rotates on its axis
and at the same time
from west to east
moves around the Sun
The changes
in length and position The Moon and
of the shadow the Earth move
throughout the day round the Sun at
the same time
2.2. Understanding the occurrence of day and night

night-time

daytime

the Sun the Earth

It is night time for

It is day time for the part the part of the Earth facing
of the Earth facing the Sun away from the Sun

The occurrence
of
day and night
axis

Day and night occur

due to the rotation of the Earth
on its axis west east
2.3. Understanding the phases of the Moon

Phases of the Moon

1-New moon, 3- New half moon, 5- Full moon

7- Old half moon
INVESTIGATING
TECHNOLOGY
7
1.1. The shapes of objects in a structure

The shapes of objects

in a structure

The shape of objects Identify shapes in a structure

Cylinder
Sphere

Cube Cuboid Cylinder

Sphere Pyramid Cone

1.2. The Strength and Stability of a Structure Shapes of objects that
are stable
Cube, cone, cylinder

The factors that affect

stability of objects

Height , base area

The strength
and How base area
affects stability
stability
of a structure Bigger base area more stable
Smaller base area less stable

How height affects stability

Design a model that Lower object more stable
is strong and stable Higher object less stable

The factors that affect the

Suggested design for: strength of a structure
Bridge – one with manila card and one with wood Types of materials used
Steel ,Iron, Wood
 INVESTIGATING

LIVING
THINGS
INVESTIGATING INVESTIGATING

MATERIALS FORCE
AND
ENERGY

INVESTIGATING

INVESTIGATING
EARTH
TECHNOLOGY AND
UNIVERSE
 7

INVESTIGATING
LIVING THINGS
1.1. Understanding that some animals live in groups and others live in solitary

Animals

Some Some
live in groups live in solitary
(Animals that live together) (Animals that live by themselves)

zebra bees ants giraffes snake cat lizard tiger

For safety To avoid competition for food

For Food  To avoid competition for space

Cooperation is a form
of interaction
 Sunlight Limited sunlight can reach them

Water Limited water resources

Reason
Space Limited space

Nutrient Limited nutrient

Factors for competition

Plants Competition is a form of

Interaction among living things
Animals

Factors for competition

Food Limited food resources

Water Limited water resources

Mate Reason Trying to get mate to breed

Shelter Defending or looking for shelter

Space Defending or looking for space

1.3. Understanding the responsibility of human beings in protecting endangered species

endangered species

Extinct animal Endangered animal Endangered plant

•Dodo bird •Tiger •Raflessia

•Dinosaur
•Turtle •Pitcher plant
•Auk bird •Venus fly trap
•Desert rat •Orang Utan
•Panda •Wild orchid
kangaroo
•Mammoth •Rhinoceros
•Quagga •Hornbill
•Tasmanian wolf
•Blue Whale
 Responsibility of human beings
in protecting endangered species

Illegal Hunting
Excessive development
ways to prevent
Elephant – Tusk
Tiger – Skin & Bone Water & air Pollution extinction
Blue Whale – Fat Many habitats have been Campaign against excessive
Giant Panda – Fur
Rhinoceros - Horn
destroyed logging
Educate the public about the
importance of protecting &
conserving animals & plant
Avoid consuming or buying
Factors products made from
of Extinction endangered species
Enforcing the law
Replanting
Selective logging
Illegal Logging Setting up forest reserved
Extreme Weather
Cutting of trees Setting rehabilitation centre
Forest clearing Long dry season
Encourage recycle , reuse &
The destruction of habitat Flood
reduce Campaign
Forest fire
1.4. Knowing the impact of human activities on environment

Erosion The Lost of habitat

Landslide The lose of raw material &food supplies
Flash-Floods Climate changes
Water & Air pollution The rise in temperature on earth
Extinction of endangered species
The balance in nature is disturbed
Environmental destruction The loss of the Earth’s natural water basin
caused by human activities
Air &
water Pollution
Uncontrolled human
Impact of human activities to the Earth
Excessive use of activities on
fertilisers,
pesticides environment
& herbicides

Heavy usage of Environmental Destruction Extinction of

motor vehicles endangered
species
Air pollution Illegal & Excessive hunting

Illegal & Excessive Improper management of Air &

•Erosion water pollution
Logging •Landslides waste from factory
Clearing Forest •Flash-Floods
Improper management •Loss of Improper management of
Water pollution
of development habitats waste from household
& flash flood
INVESTIGATING
FORCE 7

AND ENERGY
1.1. Understanding that push and pull are forces
1.2. Understanding the effects of a force
1.3. Analysing friction
D
E Pull – an action of bringing an object
F towards us Stop a moving object
I
N Move a stationary object
I
T Push – an action of moving an object Effects Change the shape of an object
I away
O
N Change the motion of an object

Change direction of moving object

FORCE Make object move faster or slower

Friction

Definition Effects Reduce Advantages/Disadvantages

-Lubricant :oil, wax,

-Force that apposes -Surfaces warm. Advantages
grease or water
the movement of an 1. Hold thing
object. -Difficult to move 2. Walk without slipping
-Air cushion
3. Sharpen a knife
-Two surfaces in -Wear and tear. 4. Slow down moving
contact -Talcum powder
-Slow down and Disadvantages
-Roller marbles
stop 1. Wear and tear
2. Produce heat
-Ball bearing
2.1. Understanding speed

Speed
Definition Calculation

A measurement on how fast an object moves

Formula
Conclusion Speed = distance / time

an object which an object which move

moves faster travels a
longer distance in a
faster takes a shorter Unit
time travel a given
given time
distance
• km/h,
• m/s ,
• cm/s
INVESTIGATING
MATERIALS
1.1. Understanding food spoilage
Food that has turned bad and
is not suitable to be eaten
What is Condition for
spoilt food microbes to grow

•Air
Characteristics of •Water
Spoilt Food •Nutrient
Food spoilage •Suitable
Temperature
•Unpleasent smell
( 5°C - 65° C )
eg. Fish with bad smell
•Suitable acidity
•Unpleasent taste
eg. milk turns sour Microbes that
•Changed colour spoilt food
eg.vegetables, rice
•Changed texture Bacteria Fungus
eg. Yogurt turns curd
•Mouldy
eg. Yogurt have many
black spots
1. 2. Synthesising the concept of food preservation
Example : Example :
Example : Example : eggs, vegetables, fruits
fish, prawn, fruits Biscuits, crackers,
Eggs, water
Reason : Reason :
Reason : Reason : Cold temperature slow
Bacteria and fungi cannot Bacteria and fungi
Boiled will killed bacteria down the growth of
grow without water cannot grow
and fungi bacteria and fungi
without water

Drying Boiling Cooling

Vacuum packing

Waxing Pickling
Reason : Food preservation Reason :
Slow down the (Process whereby food turning Prevents the growth
loss of water
bad is slowed down) of bacteria and
fungi
Example :
Fruits Example :
Fruits, chili, fish

Bottling/
Smoking Salting Pasteurising Freezing
canning
Reason : Reason : Reason : Reason :
Bacteria and fungi Destroy Bacteria and fungi Bacteria and fungi
Reason : cannot grow in very cannot grow
Dry the food microoganism cannot active at a
salt substances without air very low temperature
Example : Example :
Example : Milk, yogurt Example : Example :
Fish, meat Fish, eggs Meat, fish, fruits Fish, meat
1.3. Realising the importance of preserving food

The importance of
preserving food

Food can be kept Easier to

for a longer time carry

Easier to To prevent the

store wastage of food
2.1. Understanding the effects of improper of on the environment

Types of waste
•Gas
Waste disposal
•Liquid The harmful
•Solid effect

Smoke dissolved
form weak acid
•From agricultural activities Kills plants & fish
•From vehicles and open burning Destroys building &
Sources of •Toxic materials bridges
wastes •Rubbish
Rubbish thrown in
rivers or drain
 Cause flash-floods
& water over flow
The proper Kill plants & animals
The improper
disposal ways in the river
ways disposal
•Open burning •Treat waste water
•Keep environment Open burning
•Littering Cause asthma &
•Chanelling- waste and home clean
•Reuse and recycle eye irritation
factories into river Air pollution
• Releasing smoke rubbish and waste
and dangerous gasses • Reduce car
•Build factories far Disease
Cause by eating
from home
polluted fish and plants
2.2. Understanding that some waste can decay

Waste that
Microbes that cause
waste to decay can decay

• Fungi
• Bacteria Waste that do not decay
• Tin can
•Paper • Plastic
Waste that decay • Wood • Synthetic
• Food • Glass
• Meat • Metal objects

What will happen if

Disadvantages of Advantages of waste do not decay
waste decaying waste decaying
• Animal extinction
• Give out • Return nutrient to soil • Habitats destruction
poisonous gas • Prevent rubbish •Spoil natural beauty
• Unpleasant smell from accumulate •Change Climate
 INVESTIGATING
THE EARTH & THE UNIVERSE
1.1. Understanding the eclipse of the moon

Eclipse of the moon

The Earth is The Earth, the Moon The Earth’s position

between the Sun and the Sun are blocks sunlight from
and the Moon positioned in a reaching the Moon
straight line

Earth The Earth’s shadow is

formed on the Moon
Sun Moon surface and cause an
eclipse of the Moon
1.2. Understanding the eclipse of the sun

ECLIPSE OF THE SUN

The Moon is The Earth, the Moon and The Moon’s blocks the
between the Sun the Sun are positioned in a sunlight from reaching
and the Earth straight line the Earth

Earth
The Moon’s shadow
SUN Moon is formed on the
Earth’s surface

PHASES OF THE SUN DURING THE ECLIPSE

The place that experienced full eclipse is completely dark during the day time
INVESTIGATING
TECHNOLOGY
1.1. Understanding simple machines

A device that allows us to use

Simple machine less force to make work easier or faster

-To carry or move heavy objects

LEVER - e.g. hammer , spoon , scissor

-To lift heavy objects easier

INCLINED PLANE
eg. stairs , slanting wooden plank

-To carry to move heavy objects easily

WHEEL AND AXLE eg screw driver , car spanner

-To carry or lift objects to a higher place

PULLEY
eg. flag pole , crane

-To cut or separate objects

WEDGE
eg. knife , saw , axe

-To fix two objects together

SCREW
eg. drill bit , spanner
-To move objects easily
GEAR
eg. Gear in a watch
1.2. Analysing a complex machine

Complex
machine

Hand drill
Wheelbarrow Wedge, wheel and axle
Lever, wheel and axle

Bicycle Egg beater

Gear, lever, Gear, wheel and axle
wheel and axle Crane Scissors
Gear, pulley, lever Lever, wedge
1.3. Appreciating the invention of machines that make life easier

Machines

Help us travel from one place to Difficulty in moving heavy things

another

Work in the fields is made easier and Will not be able to travel from one
productivity of agricultural product is place to another place which is far
raised

Construction work is made easier and

can be completed faster

Help to move heavy things