Bacteria

by Sana Shoukat
Bacteria
“Prokaryotic unicellular organism that lack true nucleus and
membrane bound organelles”
Cell Structure
External Structure
Three protective layer
• Capsule
• Cell membrane
• Cell wall
Cell Structure
Cell Wall
Bacteria are divided into two groups
• Gram positive e.g bacillus
• Gram negative e.g E.coli
“Gram staining technique”
Cytoplasmic Projection
Pili
Hollow non helical
filamentous appendages

Fimbriae
Flagella
Cell Structure
Internal Structure
• Cytoplasm
• Ribosomes
• Spores
• Cyst
• Plasmid
• Nucleoid
Visible only by fulgen stain
Bacterial Respiration
• Aerobic
• Anaerobic
• Facultative
• Microaerophilic
Examples
Pseudomonas, Spirochete, E.coli and Campylobacter respectively
Classification of bacteria according to shapes
Cocci

E.g duiplococcus pneumoniae

Classification of bacteria according to Shapes
Bacilli Spiral
• Diplobacillus • Vibrio
• Streptobacillus • Spirillum
E.g pseudomonas • Spirochete
E.g vibro cholera
More Classification
Nutrition Base Flagella Base
• Autotrophic • Atrichous
• Photoautotrophs • Monotrichous
• chemoautotrophs • Lophotrichous
• Heterotrophic • Amphitrichous
• saprophytic • Peritrichous
Reproduction
• Binary fission
• Transformation
• Conjugation
• Transduction
Pathogenicity

Conditionally pathogen E.g streptococcus

Opportunistic pathogen E.g aspergillus
Obligate intracellular pathogen E.g Ricktessia
Facultative intracellular pathogen E.g brucella
Industrial role of bacteria
• Food industry • Textile industry
• Pharmaceutical • Mining industry
• Energy production • Dairy farms
• Leather industry • Disposal of waste
• Tobacco industry • Gum industry
• Agriculture • Cocoa processing
Prevention Method
Physical method Chemical method
• Sterilization • Antiseptic
• Dry heat • Disinfactant
• Radiation Treatment
• Filtration • Bacteriocidal & Bacteriostatic
Any Question!
Thanks for Attention